A pioneer of women's liberation active in Paris during the French Revolution. Her real name was Marie Gouze. She was a playwright, orator, and improvisatory poet. She was born into a poor family in the south of France and is said to have been illiterate, but she was so talented that she dictated one tragedy a day, and was also successful in comedy. In response to the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man's Rights, which ignored women, she presented the 17-article Declaration of the Rights of Women to Marie Antoinette in 1790 (published in 1791). This declaration demanded women's suffrage right from the very beginning, stipulating, "Article 1: Women are born free and equal in rights to men," and asserting that equal property rights and labor rights to men are inalienable natural rights, making it the first declaration of women's rights in history. She was suppressed by Robespierre and executed by guillotine. [Takako Shirai] "The French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Women" by Miyoko Tsujimura (published in the January 1976 issue of the Legal Times, Nippon Hyoronsha) " "The Declaration of the Rights of Women - The French Revolution and the Life of Olympe de Gouges" by Olivier Blanc, translated by Miyoko Tsujimura (1995, Iwanami Shoten) [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス革命期にパリで活躍した女性解放の先駆者。本名Marie Gouze。劇作家、雄弁家、即興詩人で、南フランスの貧しい家に生まれ字が読めなかったともいわれるが、1日に一つの悲劇を口述したほど多才で、喜劇においても成功した。1789年公布の「人権宣言」が女性を無視していることに対抗して、17条からなる「女権宣言」Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenneを1790年にマリ・アントアネットに奉呈(ほうてい)している(出版は1791年)。これは、冒頭から女性参政権を要求し、「第1条、女性は生まれながらに自由であり権利において男性と平等である」と規定し、男性と平等な財産権、労働権を不可譲な自然権だと主張、史上最初の女権宣言である。ロベスピエールによって弾圧され、ギロチンで処刑された。 [白井尭子] 『辻村みよ子著「フランス革命と『女権宣言』」(『法律時報』1976年1月号所収・日本評論社)』▽『オリヴィエ・ブラン著、辻村みよ子訳『女の人権宣言――フランス革命とオランプ・ドゥ・グージュの生涯』(1995・岩波書店)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Gujarat [State] (English spelling)
...Working according to the rank system is called...
…The arrows used in crossbows are sharp arrows wi...
An annual plant of the Malvaceae family (APG clas...
…Atomic nuclei were originally thought to be comp...
…This was the general attire of women and girls i...
A carrier or warehouseman delivers goods or bailed...
It is one of the regions that make up the United ...
A former town in Kamiukena County, central Ehime P...
...It is a dish in which fillets are grilled or p...
Italian military officer. Major General. Born in C...
…After the Triple Intervention, in 1898 (the 24th...
…Gethsemane means "Olive Oil Press" in ...
In the Edo period, young people indentured to merc...
Gangue refers to minerals that occur in mineral d...
An alkaloid found in the leaves of the coca plant...