Aphorism - Aphorism

Japanese: アフォリズム - あふぉりずむ(英語表記)aphorism
Aphorism - Aphorism

Aphorisms, proverbs, golden sayings. The word comes from the Greek word aphorismos, which means definition. The Greek physician Hippocrates was the first to call aphorisms, which were concise descriptions of diagnosis and treatment of illnesses. A famous example is "Life is short, art is long, opportunity is fleeting, experiments are dangerous, and arguments are difficult. A doctor must not only do what he believes to be right, but must also be assisted by his patient, nurses, and external circumstances." In later generations, only the first part of this was changed to the universal aphorism, "Art is long, life is short." In this way, aphorisms came to be used to express the subtleties of life in concise and concise expressions, and became not very different from epigrams and proverbs. However, unlike proverbs or morals that have been passed down, they are expressions that are unique and witty, and were loved by French moralists, leading to the creation of excellent works by La Rochefoucauld and La Bruyère. In Japan, Akutagawa Ryunosuke's "Words of the Dwarf" is a good example.

[Hideo Funato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

警句、箴言(しんげん)、金言。語源であるギリシア語のaphorismosは定義の意味で、ギリシアの医学者ヒポクラテスが、病気の診断、治療法を簡潔に述べたものをアフォリズムと初めてよんだ。有名な例は「人生は短く、人為は長く、機会は逃げやすく、実験は危険を伴い、論証はむずかしい。医師は正しと思うことをなすだけでなく、患者や看護人や外的状況に助けられることが必要である」であり、後世、始めの部分だけを普遍的な警句「芸術は長く、人生は短し」と改変したのである。こうしてアフォリズムは簡潔要を得た表現で人生の機微を写すものとなり、エピグラムや格言(プロバーブ)とさして変わらぬものとなった。しかし、言い伝えられてきた諺(ことわざ)や処世訓と異なり、作者独自の個性的な機知に富んだ表現であって、フランスのモラリストに愛好され、ラ・ロシュフコーやラ・ブリュイエールらによって優れた作品が生まれた。日本でも芥川龍之介(あくたがわりゅうのすけ)の『侏儒(しゅじゅ)の言葉』がよい例といえる。

[船戸英夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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