A group of complexes classified as non-Werner complexes. It has carbonyl (CO) as a ligand. The σ bond between the metal ion and CO is due to the lone pair of electrons on the carbon side. CO is coordinated linearly. The antibonding π orbital of CO is not high in energy, so it can easily accept the d π electrons of the metal ion, stabilizing it by back donation. Many complexes are formed with transition elements in the 4th, 5th, and 6th periods. There are three types of mononuclear carbonyls: [M(CO) 6 ], [M(CO) 5 ], and [M(CO) 4 ], and most of them are diamagnetic. In addition, except for V(CO) 6 , all of them have the same number of valence electrons as the number of outer shell electrons of the rare gases. On the other hand, metal ions with an odd number of d electrons become multinuclear due to electron pair formation ([Fe 2 (CO) 9 ], [Co 4 (CO) 12 ], etc.). In addition, the carbonyl of the ligand may be replaced by another ligand to form a mixed complex ([Cr(CO) 3 (NH 3 ) 3 ], [Cr(CO) 3 (C 6 H 6 )], etc.). Nickel carbonyl is used as a catalyst in the Reppe reaction, and cobalt carbonyl is used as a catalyst in the oxo synthesis. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
非ウェルナー錯体に分類される錯体の一群.配位子としてカルボニル(CO)をもつ.金属イオンとCOとのσ結合は,炭素側の孤立電子対による.COは直線形に配位している.COの反結合π軌道はエネルギー的に高くないので,金属イオンのdπ電子を容易に受容することができ,逆供与による安定化が行われる.4,5,6周期の遷移元素との間に多数の錯体が形成される.単核カルボニルには[M(CO)6],[M(CO)5],[M(CO)4]の3種類が存在し,大部分が反磁性である.また,V(CO)6を除き,すべて原子価電子数が希ガスの外殻電子数と同じである.一方,奇数個のd電子をもつ金属イオンでは,電子対形成のために複核となる([Fe2(CO)9],[Co4(CO)12]など).また,配位子のカルボニルがほかの配位子と置換して混合錯体をつくる場合もある([Cr(CO)3(NH3)3],[Cr(CO)3(C6H6)]など).ニッケルカルボニルはレッペ反応の,コバルトカルボニルはオキソ合成の触媒として用いられる. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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