A material made by joining or mixing different metal materials or metal compounds so that the advantages of both can be utilized. In a broader sense, it includes enamelware, cloisonné, and plated materials, but is usually not included. Examples include bimetals, clad materials, cermets, cemented carbide, and uranium composites. They are used for materials that become alloys when melted and lose their characteristics, and for materials with high melting points that are difficult to melt. In recent years, powder metallurgy technology has advanced and contributed to the production of composite metal materials, but as a result, there are more fine powder bonded structures, and the meaning of this term is now stronger. In addition to the above examples, there are the following: (1) Electric contact materials Arc-resistant high melting point materials such as tungsten carbide, tungsten, and platinum are sintered with silver or copper. (2) Braking friction materials Made by dispersing hard particles such as alumina and silica in lead bronze. (3) Current collector materials For train pantographs and motor current-carrying brushes, lubricating graphite particles are dispersed in a copper alloy conductor. (4) Dispersed reinforcement: Made by dispersing whisker fibers, high-strength metal fibers, glass fibers, hard metal compound particles, etc., in a metal matrix. SAP (→ aluminum alloy) is an example, and many development research projects are underway. It is similar to cermet, but since the focus is on strengthening the matrix metal, the amount of reinforcement added is only a few percent. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
異種の金属材料または金属化合物を接合,混合して,「双方の特長が生かされる」ように製造した材料。広義にはほうろう鉄器,七宝,メッキ材なども入るが普通は含めない。バイメタル,クラッド材,サーメット,超硬合金,ウラン複合材などがその例で,溶製すると合金となって互いの特色を失ってしまう材料,難溶の高融点材料などに応用される。近年粉末冶金技術が進歩して複合金属材料の製造に貢献しているが,それだけ微粉結合構造のものが多くなり,現在はむしろそのほうの意味が強い。上記の例のほか次のようなものがある。 (1) 電気接点材料 炭化タングステン,タングステン,白金などの耐アーク高融点材料を銀,銅などで焼結。 (2) 制動摩擦材料 アルミナ,シリカなどの硬質粒子を鉛青銅中に分散させてつくる。 (3) 集電用材料 電車のパンタグラフやモータの通電ブラシで,銅合金の導体の地に潤滑性黒鉛粒子を分散させる。 (4) 分散強化材 ひげ結晶繊維,高強度金属繊維,ガラス繊維,硬質金属化合物粒子などを金属の地に分散させてつくる。 SAP (→アルミニウム合金 ) がその例で,多くの開発研究が進みつつある。サーメットに似ているが地の金属強化に重点があるので,強化材添加量は数%程度である。
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