Qin cāo (English spelling)

Japanese: 琴操 - きんそう（英語表記）Qín cāo

A Chinese book on the koto. Written by Cai Yong (character Boxi, 132-192) of the Later Han Dynasty. In one volume (some wooden versions are divided into two volumes). An explanation of ancient koto music and its composers. The 50 pieces are divided into five songs, twelve songs, nine-in, and miscellaneous songs from the River, and all but four lost pieces are accompanied by annotations. Some were composed as far back as ancient times, but most are said to have been composed mainly during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, and some pieces were composed by Confucius and Boya. The musical content is unknown. Pieces with the same titles, such as "Deer Ming," "The General Returns the Cao," and "Guo You Cao," were included in koto scores from the Ming Dynasty onwards.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国の琴書。後漢蔡邕（さいよう）(字伯喈，132‐192)著。1巻(2巻に分けた板本もある)。古代の琴曲と作者を解説したもの。50曲の収録曲目は，歌詩五曲，十二操，九引，河間雑歌に分け，失われた4曲を除きすべて解題がほどこされている。作曲年代は太古にさかのぼるものもあるが，主として春秋戦国時代の作と伝えられるものが多く，孔子や伯牙の作も収められている。音楽的内容は不明。《鹿鳴》《将帰操》《拘幽操》などは明代以後の琴譜に同名曲が収録される。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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