Kim Gu

Korean politician and independence movement leader. Born in Haeju, South Hwanghae Province. Born into a poor peasant family, he participated in the Gabo Peasant War in 1894 and played an active role as a vanguard of Haeju. After the Sino-Japanese War, he was enraged by the Japanese murder of Queen Min (the Izumi Incident), and in 1896 he murdered a Japanese officer and was imprisoned, but escaped. He became a monk, participated in educational activities, and took part in the anti-Japanese movement. In 1911, he was arrested as a suspect in the attempted assassination of Governor-General Terauchi Masatake, and was released on parole in 1914. After the March 1st Independence Movement in 1919, he defected to Shanghai and joined the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, serving as Chief of the Police Bureau, Chief of the Interior, and Chairman of the Government. In 1932 (Showa 7), he dispatched Ri Bong-chang to Tokyo to plot the assassination of the Emperor, and had Yun Bong-gil carry out the Shanghai bombing incident. He joined the Chinese Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek, and in 1940 he organized the Korean Liberation Army in Chongqing, preparing for Liberation Day. He returned to Korea in November 1945 and became the leader of the Korean Independence Party. In 1948, he opposed separate elections for South Korea, attended the joint conference of North and South Korean political parties and social organizations in Pyongyang, and worked hard to avoid the division of Korea and achieve unification. He was assassinated in 1949 by an army officer affiliated with Syngman Rhee.

[Akira Nakatsuka]

"Hideki Kajimura's translation and annotated version of "Baek Bon Il-ji - Kim Gu's Autobiography" (Heibonsha, Toyo Bunko)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

朝鮮の政治家、独立運動の指導者。黄海南道(こうかいなんどう／ファンヘナムド)海州(かいしゅう／ヘーチュ)出身。貧農の家に生まれ、1894年甲午(こうご)農民戦争に参加、海州の先鋒(せんぽう)として活躍。日清(にっしん)戦争後、日本人による閔妃(びんひ)殺害事件（乙未(いつみ)事変）に憤激、1896年日本軍将校を殺害し、投獄されたが脱獄した。僧侶(そうりょ)となり、教育事業に従い、反日運動に挺身(ていしん)した。1911年寺内正毅(まさたけ)総督暗殺未遂事件の容疑者として逮捕、1914年に仮釈放された。1919年、三・一独立運動後、上海(シャンハイ)に亡命、大韓民国臨時政府に参加、警務局長、内務総長、政府主席を歴任した。1932年（昭和7）李奉昌(りほうしょう)を東京に派遣して天皇暗殺を謀り、また尹奉吉(いんほうきつ)をして上海爆弾事件を決行させた。蒋介石(しょうかいせき)の率いる中国国民党と行をともにし、1940年重慶(じゅうけい)で韓国光復軍を組織、解放の日に備えた。1945年11月帰国、韓国独立党党首となり、1948年、南朝鮮の単独選挙に反対、平壌(ピョンヤン)での南北政党社会団体連席会議に出席、朝鮮の分断回避、統一達成に尽力した。1949年、李承晩(りしょうばん／イスンマン)派の陸軍将校に暗殺された。

［中塚　明］

『梶村秀樹訳注『白凡逸志――金九自叙伝』（平凡社・東洋文庫）』

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