Record Manor Certificate Office - Record Manor Certificate Office

It is also simply called the Record Office. In 1069 (Enkyu 1), Emperor Gosanjo established this institution to promote the consolidation of manors. It was located in the Aitan-dokoro (Court Office) of the Dajokan (Grand Council of State), and Yoryudo (officers) were appointed. They examined and reviewed the certificates (documents of evidence) submitted by manor owners, and reported the results to the Dajokan. This was called kanso (reporting), and the Dajokan issued official orders based on the kanso and ordered the suspension or abolition of manors. Manors without certificates, manors established through illegal procedures, and newly established manors after the previous Manor Consolidation Order was issued in 1045 (Kantoku 2). Prior to this, manor consolidation orders had been issued several times to curb the increase in manors, but they were executed by kokushi (provincial governors). This was promoted by establishing relevant government offices in the central government, and although it achieved some results, it did not stop the trend of establishing new manors, partly because the reigns of the emperors were short. Record offices were established in 1111 (Ten'ei 2), 1156 (Hogen 1), 1187 (Bun'ichi 3), and 1202 (Ken'nin 2), but they did not achieve any notable results. Record offices were also established in 1321 (Gan'yo 1) and in the Kenmu New Government in 1333 (Gan'yo 3), but these were not for the purpose of consolidating manors, but were for government affairs, and cannot be treated the same.

[Murai Yasuhiko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

単に記録所ともいう。1069年（延久1）、後三条(ごさんじょう)天皇が荘園の整理を推進するために設けた機関で、太政官(だいじょうかん)庁内の朝所(あいたんどころ)に置かれ、寄人(よりゅうど)（職員）が任命された。荘園所有者より提出させた券契（証拠書類）を検討審査し、その結果を太政官に報告した。これを勘奏(かんそう)といい、太政官はその勘奏に基づいて官符を発布し、停廃を命じた。停廃の対象とされたのは、券契がない荘園、不正な手続でたてられた荘園、および前回の荘園整理令が出された1045年（寛徳2）以後の新立荘園などであった。これ以前、荘園の増加を抑制するため幾度か荘園整理令が出されたが、国司が執行していた。それを中央に関係官庁を設けて推進したもので、いちおうの成果をあげたが、天皇の在位期間が短かったこともあり、荘園新立の傾向を阻止するには至らなかった。その後1111年（天永2）、1156年（保元1）、下って1187年（文治3）、1202年（建仁2）にも置かれたが、みるべき成果はなかった。なお、1321年（元亨1）や建武(けんむ)新政府にも1333年（元弘3）記録所が置かれたが、これは荘園整理というよりは、政務にかかわる機関で、同一には扱えない。

［村井康彦］

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