Gilbert

American molecular biologist. He studied chemistry and physics at Harvard University, and majored in particle physics at graduate school. He received his Ph.D. from Cambridge University in 1957, and became a lecturer at Harvard the following year. In 1960, through his interactions with J.D. Watson, he switched to biophysics, and became a professor of chemistry at Harvard in 1968, and a professor of molecular biology at the American Cancer Society from 1972 to 1981. In 1979, he was involved in the founding of the venture company Biogen, and in 1981 he left Harvard to become the company's CEO. He returned to the university in 1985, and has been a professor at CM Loew University since 1987. In 1966, he purified the repressor protein of the lactose operon together with B. Müller-Hill. In 1977, he developed a simple method (the Maxam-Gilbert method) to determine a 1,000-base sequence in just a few months. For this achievement, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980 along with F. Sanger and P. Berg. Since 1985, he has been a driving force behind the Human Genome Project.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

アメリカの分子生物学者．ハーバード大学で化学と物理学を学び，大学院で素粒子物理学を専攻した．1957年ケンブリッジ大学でPh.D.を取得し，翌年ハーバード大学講師．1960年J.D. Watson(ワトソン)との交流を通じて生物物理学に転身し，1968年同大学生化学教授，1972～1981年アメリカがん協会分子生物学教授となる．1979年ベンチャー企業バイオジェン社の設立に携わり，1981年ハーバード大学を離れ，同社経営最高責任者に就任．1985年に大学に戻り，1987年以降はC.M.レーブ大学教授となる．1966年にB. Müller-Hillとともにラクトースオペロンのリプレッサータンパク質を純化した．1977年1000塩基配列を数か月で決定する簡便な方法(マクサム・ギルバート法)を開発した．この業績で，1980年F. Sanger(サンガー)，P. Berg(バーグ)とともにノーベル化学賞を受賞．1985年以降はヒトゲノム計画を強力に推進した．

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