Gilbert's Act

Japanese: ギルバート法 - ギルバートほう（英語表記）Gilbert’s Act

The general term for the 1782 Act, which confirmed the "humanitarianization" of the English Poor Law, which took place against the backdrop of the social circumstances of the late 18th century, including the long-term economic boom in England, stable wheat prices, and rising living standards for the working class. It is named after its proposer, Thomas Gilbert (1720-98). The purpose of this Act was to expand administrative districts by creating parish unions, to streamline poor administration, and to improve the treatment of the poor. To this end, it stipulated that workhouses be used as relief facilities for the elderly, sick, orphans, and other poor people who were unable to work, and that, in principle, relief was provided in the homes of those who were willing and able to work.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

18世紀末のイギリス経済の長期にわたる好況，小麦価格の安定，労働者階級の生活水準の上昇という社会的な状況を背景とする，いわゆるイギリス救貧法の〈人道主義化〉を確認した1782年法の一般的呼称。提案者であるギルバートThomas Gilbert(1720‐98)の名に由来する。この法は，教区連合をつくることによって行政区を拡大し，貧民行政の合理化と貧民処遇の改善を目的としていた。そのために労役場workhouseを老人･病人･孤児など労働能力のない貧民の救済施設と規定し，労働の意思と能力のある貧民については，原則として居宅で救済を行った。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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