The concept of form in music usually has two meanings. One is musical form as a concept opposed to the content that is the object of aesthetics, and refers to the internal formative principle of music that transcends time, place, and individuals when disorganized individual sounds are completed into a unified musical work. The other is the concrete form that a musical work has. If musical form in this latter sense is classified based on structure, it can be as follows: (1) Single-movement form (a) "Repetitive form" based on some kind of repetition of the first part. This includes variation form, lied form, rondo form, sonata form, and medieval song form. (b) "Continuous form" based on contrapuntal techniques that are based on the horizontal flow of each voice. This can be based on cantus melody or imitation. (2) Multi-movement form A form in which several of the above forms are combined to form a single piece, such as a suite, sonata, or symphony. Although systematic research into forms in modern music has not yet been fully conducted, a representative example is Stockhausen's classification. (3) A unique musical form in Japanese music is the “jo-ha-kyu” form. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
音楽における形式の概念は,通常,二様の意味をもつ。一つは美学の対象となる内容の対立概念としての音楽形式で,無統一な個々の音が,統一体としての音楽作品に完成される際,時代,地域,個人を超越して働く音楽の内的形成原理をさす。他は音楽作品が有する具体的な形式で,この後者の意味での音楽形式を,構造を主体として分類すると次のようになる。 (1) 単一楽章形式 (a) 最初の部分がなんらかの形で反復されることを基本とする「反復形式」。これには変奏曲形式,リート形式,ロンド形式,ソナタ形式,中世の歌謡形式が含まれる。 (b) 各声部の横の流れを主体とした対位法的手法に基づく「連続形式」。これには定旋律に基づくものと,模倣に基づくものがある。 (2) 多楽章形式 前述の諸形式のいくつかがまとまって1曲をなす形式で,たとえば,組曲,ソナタ,交響曲など。現代音楽における形式の体系的研究はまだ十分に行われていないが,代表的なものにシュトックハウゼンによる分類がある。 (3) 日本音楽の音楽形式として特殊なものに「序破急」の形式がある。
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