Born: 12 June 1843, Aberdeen [Died] January 24, 1914. London. British astronomer. Graduated from Aberdeen University. Director of a private observatory near Aberdeen (1872). In 1874, he traveled to Mauritius to observe the meridian passage of Venus, and in 1877, he explored Ascension Island to observe Mars. Director of the Royal Observatory in Cape Town, Africa (1879-1907). He improved the heliometer, which measures the angular distance between celestial bodies, and used it to perform precise observations of solar and stellar parallax, determining the exact distances from Earth to various celestial bodies. He is also known for his precise photographic observations of the area near the south celestial pole at a time when photography was not widely used in astronomical observations. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1843.6.12. アバディーン [没]1914.1.24. ロンドン イギリスの天文学者。アバディーン大学卒業。アバディーン近郊の私設天文台台長 (1872) 。 1874年金星の子午線通過の観測のためにモーリシャスに,77年火星観測にアセンション島に探検。アフリカのケープタウンのイギリス王立天文台台長 (79~1907) 。天体間の角距離を測定するヘリオメータを改良し,それを用いて太陽視差,恒星視差の精密観測を行い,地球から諸天体までの正確な距離の決定を行なった。また天体観測に写真があまり使用されていなかった時代に,南天極近傍の精密写真観測を行なったことでも知られる。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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