Keisuke Kinoshita

Japanese: 木下恵介 - きのしたけいすけ

Film director. Born in Shizuoka Prefecture. Graduated from Hamamatsu Technical School. After attending photography school, he joined Shochiku as a camera assistant in 1933 (Showa 8), but moved to the director's department three years later, working mainly with director Shimazu Yasujiro. He often wrote screenplays from his time as an assistant director, and films such as "Five Brothers and Sisters" and "The Naked House" were made by other directors. He became a director in 1943, showing his talented technique with the film adaptation of Kikuta Kazuo's stage play "Flowering Port," and breathing new life into Japanese films together with Kurosawa Akira, who appeared in the autumn of the same year. Since then, he has released films such as "Army" (1944), "Morning at the Ozone House" (1946), "Breaking the Commandments" (1948), and "Broken Drum" (1949), and continued to produce more and more actively in the 1950s. Many of his works were based on famous original works, but he also produced many original works, and many of his screenplays were written by himself, and he was good at both tragedies and comedies. He attempted many new things, such as "Woman" (1948), which was shot almost entirely on location with just the two of them, "Carmen Comes Home" (1951), the first Japanese color film, and "The Ballad of Narayama" (1958), which introduced the techniques and color psychology of kabuki. He also produced "Japanese Tragedy" (1953), which was completely real, but his mainstream works were lyrical works such as "Twenty-Four Eyes" (1954), "You Are Like a Wild Chrysanthemum" (1955), and "How Many Years of Joy and Sorrow" (1957). He also provided many dramas for television in long-running series such as "Kinoshita Keisuke Theater" and "Kinoshita Keisuke Hour," and often portrayed feelings of compassion for those who were hurting. In his lifetime, he made 49 theatrical films, including the medium-length film "Father" (1988). He was awarded the Medal with Purple Ribbon in 1977, the Order of the Rising Sun, Fourth Class, Gold Rays with Rosette in 1984, and was named a Person of Cultural Merit in 1991.

[Naoki Togawa]

Documents List of Director's Works

Blooming Port (1943)
Magoroku is Alive (1943)
The City of Cheers (1944)
Army (1944)
Morning at the Ozone House (1946)
The Girl I Love (1946)
Marriage (1947)
Phoenix (1947)
Woman (1948)
Portrait (1948)
Breaking the Commandments (1948)
Cheers, ladies! (1949)
Yotsuya Kaidan (1949)
Broken Drum (1949)
Engagement Ring (1950)
The Good Devil (1951)
Carmen Comes Home (1951)
Childhood (1951)
Fireworks at Sea (1951)
Carmen (1952)
Japanese Tragedy (1953)
Women's Garden (1954)
Twenty-four Eyes (1954)
Distant Clouds (1955)
You Are Like a Wild Chrysanthemum (1955)
Sunset Clouds (1956)
The Sun and the Roses (1956)
Joy and Sorrow, Years and Years (1957)
The Wind is Burning (1957)
The Ballad of Narayama (1958)
Rainbow in the Sky (1958)
Wind Flower (1959)
The Bird of Spring (1959)
Today is also like this (1959)
Spring Dream (1960)
Fuefuki River (1960)
The Eternal Man (1961)
This Year's Love (1962)
The Spring and Autumn Walks We Did Together (1962)
Sing, Young People (1963)
Legend of the Deadly Battle (1963)
Kohka: Part 1 and Part 2 (1964)
Nostalgic Flute and Drum (1967)
Love and Farewell in Sri Lanka (1976)
Impulse Murder: My Son (1979)
Father and Mother! (1980)
Leaving This Child Behind (1983)
New Joy and Sorrow: How Many Years (1986)
Father (1988)

"The Films of Keisuke Kinoshita" by Tadao Sato (1984, Haga Shoten) " "The Life of Keisuke Kinoshita" by Ryuzo Mikuni (1999, Tenbosha)

[References] | Shimazu Yasujiro | The Ballad of Narayama | Twenty-four Eyes | The Wild Chrysanthemum Grave

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

映画監督。静岡県生まれ。浜松工業学校卒業。写真学校を経て1933年（昭和8）松竹に撮影助手として入るが、3年後監督部に移り、おもに島津保次郎(やすじろう)監督についた。助監督時代からよくシナリオを書き、『五人の兄妹』『素裸の家』などが他の監督で映画化された。1943年監督となり菊田一夫(かずお)の舞台劇の映画化『花咲く港』で才走った技巧をみせ、同年秋登場した黒澤明とともに日本映画に新風を吹き込んだ。以来『陸軍』（1944）、『大曽根(おおそね)家の朝』（1946）、『破戒』（1948）、『破れ太鼓』（1949）などを発表、1950年代に入ってますます活発な製作を続けた。著名な原作ものも多いがオリジナル作品も少なくなく、多くは自らシナリオを書き、悲劇も喜劇もよくした。ほとんど2人だけのオール・ロケ映画『女』（1948）、初の国産カラー『カルメン故郷に帰る』（1951）、歌舞伎(かぶき)の手法と色彩心理を導入した『楢山節考(ならやまぶしこう)』（1958）など新しい試みも多い。リアリズムに徹した『日本の悲劇』（1953）もあるが、『二十四の瞳(ひとみ)』（1954）、『野菊の如(ごと)き君なりき』（1955）、『喜びも悲しみも幾歳月(としつき)』（1957）など叙情的作品が主流をなした。テレビでも「木下恵介劇場」「木下恵介アワー」などの長期シリーズで多数のドラマを提供し、心を傷める者へのいたわりの感情をよく描いた。生涯の劇場映画は中編『父』（1988）までの49本。1977年に紫綬褒章(しじゅほうしょう)、1984年に勲四等旭日(きょくじつ)小綬章を受章、1991年（平成3）に文化功労者に選ばれた。

［登川直樹］

資料　監督作品一覧

花咲く港（1943）
生きてゐる孫六（1943）
歓呼の町（1944）
陸軍（1944）
大曽根家の朝（1946）
わが恋せし乙女（1946）
結婚（1947）
不死鳥（1947）
女（1948）
肖像（1948）
破戒（1948）
お嬢さん乾杯！（1949）
四谷怪談（1949）
破れ太鼓（1949）
婚約指環（1950）
善魔（1951）
カルメン故郷に帰る（1951）
少年期（1951）
海の花火（1951）
カルメン純情す（1952）
日本の悲劇（1953）
女の園（1954）
二十四の瞳（1954）
遠い雲（1955）
野菊の如き君なりき（1955）
夕やけ雲（1956）
太陽とバラ（1956）
喜びも悲しみも幾歳月（1957）
風前の灯（1957）
楢山節考（1958）
この天の虹（1958）
風花（1959）
惜春鳥（1959）
今日もまたかくてありなん（1959）
春の夢（1960）
笛吹川（1960）
永遠の人（1961）
今年の恋（1962）
二人で歩いた幾春秋（1962）
歌え若人達（1963）
死闘の伝説（1963）
香華　前後篇（1964）
なつかしき笛や太鼓（1967）
スリランカの愛と別れ（1976）
衝動殺人　息子よ（1979）
父よ母よ！（1980）
この子を残して（1983）
新・喜びも悲しみも幾歳月（1986）
父（1988）