A gate located in a gorge in the Jundu Mountains, northwest of Changping County in Beijing, China. The gorge stretches from Badaling on the Great Wall in the north to its southern entrance, about 20 kilometers, and is a key route from the Hebei Plain to the Mongolian Plateau, with a difference in elevation of 500 meters. The gate occupies the center of the gorge and has been Beijing's most important defense point since ancient times. In particular, during the Yuan Dynasty, it was on the route that successive emperors used to travel to and from Mongolia to escape the summer heat, so in 1343, the Guojie Tower was built here to pray for safe travels and for decoration. Today, the tower has disappeared and only the base (called the cloud platform) remains, but it is an arched marble structure with gorgeous carvings on the inside and outside. Additionally, the interior walls are engraved with Dharani (mantras) in six scripts in Sanskrit, Tibetan, Mongolian (Phaspa script), Uighur, Western Xia and Chinese, making them valuable sources of linguistic writing. [Hibino Takeshi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、北京(ペキン)市の昌平(しょうへい/チャンピン)県の北西、軍都(ぐんと/チュントゥー)山脈の峡谷に置かれた関門。峡谷は、北は万里の長城の八達嶺(はったつれい/パーターリン)から南は南口まで約20キロメートル、河北平野からモンゴル高原に通ずる要道で、その間の高低の差は500メートル。関はその中央を占め、古来、北京のもっとも重要な防御点であった。とくに元代には歴代皇帝がモンゴルへ避暑のため往復する街道にあたっていたので、1343年、交通の安全祈願と装飾とを兼ねてここに過街塔が築かれた。今日では塔はなくなり、台座(雲台といわれる)しか残っていないが、大理石製のアーチ型で内外に豪華な彫刻が施されている。また内壁にはサンスクリット、チベット、蒙古(もうこ)(パスパ文字)、ウイグル、西夏、漢字の六体文字で陀羅尼(だらに)が刻まれていて言語文字資料としても貴重。 [日比野丈夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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