A fatty oil obtained from sardines, mackerel, etc. The oil content is generally 15-20%. Fish oil is extracted by squeezing the fish that has been finely divided and steamed, but the yield is unstable. Fish oil contains about 30% highly unsaturated fatty acids (containing 4, 5, or 6 double bonds per molecule), with 18, 20, or 22 carbon atoms. The iodine value is about 180. It also contains a significant amount of saturated fatty acids and monoenoic acid (containing one double bond). This makes the quality of the dried film of fish oil poor. Chilled and filtered fish oil can be used for paints, but the quality is not good because it contains a significant amount of monoenoic acid. Deodorized and hydrogenated oils are used in the edible oils and fats industry. It is also used in soap, paints, printing inks, and leather manufacturing. Cod and shark liver oil, which is handled separately from fish oil, is extracted by the extraction method, contains vitamins A and D, and can be used as medicine. Shark liver oil contains squalene. [Kazuo Fukuzumi] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イワシ、サバなどから得られる脂肪油。含油量は一般に15~20%である。細分し蒸し煮した魚を、圧搾して採油するが、収率は不安定である。魚油は高度不飽和脂肪酸(1分子中に二重結合を4、5あるいは6個含有している)を30%程度含んでおり、それらの炭素数は18、20あるいは22である。ヨウ素価は180程度。なお、かなりの量の飽和脂肪酸とモノエン酸(二重結合を1個含有)を含む。このために魚油の乾燥膜の性状は劣る。冷却濾過(ろか)した魚油は塗料に用いうるが、品質はよくない。かなりの量のモノエン酸を含むからである。脱臭、水素添加油は食用油脂工業に用いられる。また、せっけん、ペイント、印刷インキ、製革に使用される。 なお、魚油とは別途に取り扱われるタラあるいはサメの肝油は、溶出法により採油され、ビタミンAとDを含み、医薬品となる。サメの肝油はスクアレンを含む。 [福住一雄] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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