Gabe

Japanese: Gabe
Gabe

…A series of educational playground equipment invented and produced in the 1830s by Froebel, the founder of kindergartens. The name is a translation of the German word Gabe, meaning something given by God, and is deeply connected to Froebel's unique religious worldview and educational philosophy that emphasizes children's independent play. The gifts consist of 20 series, starting with basic geometric shapes and ranging from concrete objects. …

From [Toys]

...On the other hand, in foreign countries, there are words to describe toys, such as the English word "toy" meaning "something worthless" and the French word "jouet" meaning "something to laugh at." From around the 18th century, a trend to recognize children's human rights gradually emerged, and toys were given educational significance. F. Froebel of Germany called the toys he invented "Gabe (gifts)," and M. Montessori of Italy also described the toys he developed as "materia (teaching tools)." In Japan, the term "educational toys" was also created in the mid-Meiji period. ...

From Froebel

…In 1926, he published his major work, “The Education of Man,” as the crystallization of his educational thoughts based on his practical experience there. From 1932, he worked in various educational facilities in Switzerland for four years, but returned to Japan in 1936. With an emphasis on early childhood education, he devoted himself to the design and production of educational toys, Gabe, from the following year of 1937. In 1939, he established an early childhood education facility in Blankenburg as “a school of intuitive instruction leading to self-instruction and self-education,” and in the following year of 1940, he named it “The General German Kindergarten.” This was the first time in the history of human education that the term “kindergarten” (children’s garden) was used. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Gabe" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…幼稚園の創始者フレーベルが1830年代に考案製作した一連の教育的遊具。ドイツ語ガーベGabeの訳語で,神から授けられたものという意味の語であり,彼の独自な宗教的世界観と,子どもの自己活動的な遊びを重視する教育思想とに深く結びついている。恩物は20のシリーズからなり,幾何学的な基本形から始まり,具象的なものに及んでいる。…

【玩具】より

…一方,外国においても,玩具を表す言葉,たとえば英語のtoyには〈くだらないもの〉,フランス語jouetには〈わらいものになる〉という意味がある。18世紀ころから,子どもの人権を認める風潮がしだいに生まれ,玩具の教育的意義づけがされる中で,ドイツのF.フレーベルは自らの考案した玩具を〈ガーベGabe(恩物)〉と呼んだり,イタリアのM.モンテッソリはやはり自ら開発した玩具を〈マテリアmateria(教具)〉と表現したりした。日本でも,明治中期に〈教育玩具〉という言葉が生まれている。…

【フレーベル】より

…そこでの実践経験にもとづく教育学的思索の結晶として,26年に主著《人間の教育Die Menschenerziehung》を公刊した。32年から4年間,スイスの教育諸施設で活躍したが,36年に帰国し,幼児期の教育を重視する立場から,まず翌37年より教育遊具である恩物Gabeの考案と製作に没頭し,さらに39年,ブランケンブルクに〈自己教授と自己教育とに導く直観教授の学園〉として幼児教育施設を設立し,翌40年〈一般ドイツ幼稚園Der Allgemeine Deutsche Kindergarten〉と命名した。幼稚園Kindergarten(子どもの園)という名称が人類教育史上初めて使用されたのである。…

※「Gabe」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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