Fisheries Disaster Compensation System - gyogyousaigaihoshouseido

A mutual aid system aimed at providing relief and stabilization for fishing management. Small and medium-sized fishermen cooperate to organize a mutual aid association, and members pay premiums to compensate each other for losses incurred in their own fishing operations. In the fishing industry, the resources that are the subject of production fluctuate due to abnormal ocean conditions, so there is a large difference between good and bad harvests, and aquaculture facilities are easily damaged by typhoons, etc., which makes small and medium-sized fishing businesses with weak capital unstable. Therefore, a system is needed whereby the mutual aid association will pay insurance money according to the degree of damage to members who have lost their catch due to abnormal events or unforeseen accidents, or who have suffered damage to farmed aquatic animals and plants, farming facilities, or fishing gear. In Japan, the Fisheries Disaster Compensation Act (Act No. 158 of 1964) was enacted in 1964, and based on this, it was decided to establish fisheries mutual aid associations at the prefectural level and fisheries mutual aid associations at the national level. The Federation carries out reinsurance business, but a legal amendment in 1967 meant that the government also insured the reinsurance liability. This fisheries reinsurance business is carried out from a special account transferred from the general account. In addition, a fisheries mutual aid fund has been established with the aim of facilitating the supply of funds necessary for the payment of insurance claims. The government contributes a portion of this fund, and also subsidizes a portion of the insurance premiums and operating expenses of the mutual aid organizations, taking measures to ensure that the operation of the system is not hindered. Despite this subsidy, insurance premium rates are high due to the characteristics of the fishing industry, and therefore the participation rate is low, at 25% in fiscal 1982. Since the start of business through fiscal 1980, the cumulative balance has been in the red by 35.6 billion yen.

[Ryuzo Takayama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

漁業経営の救済と安定を図ることを目的とした共済制度。中小漁業者が協同して共済組合を組織し、組合員は掛金を支払い、自己の営む漁業で生じた損失をその掛金をもって組合員相互で補填(ほてん)しあうものである。漁業は、生産の対象とする資源が海況異変などにより変動することから豊凶の差が大きく、また養殖施設なども台風等により損害を被りやすく、このことが資本力の弱い中小漁業経営を不安定に陥れる。そこで、異常の事象または不慮の事故により漁獲金額が減少したり、養殖中の水産動植物、養殖施設、または漁具に損害を受けたりした組合員に、共済組合が損害の程度に応じて共済金を支払う制度が必要となる。わが国では1964年に漁業災害補償法（昭和39年法律158号）が制定され、これに基づいて各都道府県単位に漁業共済組合と全国段階の漁業共済連合会が設立されることになった。連合会は再共済事業を行うが、67年の法改正でその再共済責任を政府がさらに保険することになった。この漁業再保険事業は一般会計から繰り入れられる特別会計で執行される。このほか、共済金の支払いに必要な資金の供給を円滑にすることを目的として漁業共済基金が設けられている。政府はその基金の一部を出資するほか、共済掛金および共済団体の事業費の一部を補助し、本制度の運営に支障を生じないように措置している。このような補助を受けながらも、漁業の産業的特徴から共済掛金率が高く、したがって加入率も82年度で25％と低率である。事業開始以来80年度までに累積収支で356億円の赤字が生じている。

［高山隆三］

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