False representation - false representation

Japanese: 虚偽表示 - きょぎひょうじ

It refers to conspiring with the other party to make it appear as if there was an intention to do so (Civil Code, Article 94, Paragraph 1). For example, conspiring with a friend to make it appear as if the property had been transferred to him in order to avoid seizure. Even if a partially valid act has been performed, for example, a sale was actually made, but the price was made half, this is a false representation. A false representation is invalid because it is not accompanied by a true intention (Paragraph 1), but in order to protect the safety of the transaction, its invalidity cannot be asserted against a third party acting in good faith (Paragraph 2). Note that a false representation is sometimes referred to as a collusive false representation, and a mental reservation is sometimes referred to as an independent false representation, and both are used together in a broad sense.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

相手方と通謀して外形上意思表示があったかのように仮装することをいう (民法 94条1項) 。たとえば，差押えを免れるため友人と通謀して彼に譲渡したものと仮装するなど。また一部有効な行為があった場合でも，たとえば，売買は真実行われたが，その代金を半額だと仮装するなどは虚偽表示となる。虚偽表示は真実の意思を伴っていないから無効であるが (1項) ，取引の安全を保護するため，善意の第三者に対してその無効を主張することができない (2項) 。なお，虚偽表示を通謀虚偽表示，心裡留保を単独虚偽表示とし，両方をあわせて広義に用いる場合もある。

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