Valladolid - Valladolid (English spelling)

Japanese: バリャドリード - ばりゃどりーど（英語表記）Valladolid

The capital of Valladolid Province, Castilla y Leon, in north-central Spain. Population 316,580 (2001). It is located at an altitude of 692 meters on the left bank of the Pisuerga River, near the confluence of the Duero River and its tributary, the Pisuerga River. It is a key transportation route and has long been the administrative, cultural, and economic center of the region. It is surrounded by irrigated fields and serves as a distribution center for agricultural products. After the railway was laid in 1860, industries such as textiles, railways, machinery, casting, and sugar refining were established in the city. After the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), aluminum and chemical fertilizer industries were established, and from 1950, automobile industries with foreign capital were established in succession. Currently, there are modern factories for explosives and chemical fibers. As a result, the population has rapidly increased, and industrial areas are distributed southwest of the railway, and new residential areas have expanded to the right bank of the Pisuerga River. The old town is full of historical buildings, including the University of Valladolid, founded in 1346, the cathedral built around 1585, San Pablo Church (15th century) with its Isabelline-style façade, and Colegio de San Gregorio Church (1480-96), which also houses an art museum.

[Yutaka Tanabe and Yumiko Takizawa]

history

At the time of the Roman conquest, the city was inhabited by Celtic Iberians. It was later invaded by the Visigoths in the 5th century and by Muslims in the 8th century, and during the Reconquista (war of the restoration of the country), in the 11th century, it was established as an outpost for the Kingdom of Leon. A university was already established in the 14th century, and in the 15th century, the wedding of Princess Isabella of Castile and Prince Ferdinand of Aragon took place here, and it became an important point for the rebels in the Comunidades Revolt (1520-21). Philip II was born here, and although he experienced a major fire during his reign, it flourished as the industrial and commercial center of Castile, and was briefly the capital during the reign of his son, Philip III. When the French army invaded in the early 19th century, historic buildings were destroyed and massacred, and during the Spanish Civil War, it was occupied by the rebels in the early stages and became an important launching point for the rebels. Columbus' funeral took place here, and the Columbus Museum is currently located there. The Cervantes House also remains, commemorating the residence of Cervantes, the author of Don Quixote.

[Yasuhiro Fukazawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

スペイン中北部、カスティーリャ・イ・レオン地方バリャドリード県の県都。人口31万6580（2001）。ドゥエロ川と支流ピスエルガ川との合流点に近いピスエルガ川左岸の標高692メートルに位置する。交通の要路にあたり、古くからこの地方の行政、文化、経済の中心都市。周囲には灌漑(かんがい)畑が広がり、農産物の集散地ともなっている。1860年に鉄道が敷設されて以後、織物工業、ついで鉄道、機械、鋳物、精糖などの工業が立地し、スペイン内戦（1936～39）以後はアルミニウム、化学肥料工業、1950年からは外国資本による自動車工業が順次立地、現在は爆薬、化学繊維の近代的工場もみられる。それに伴い人口は急増し、工業地区が鉄道の南西に分布し、新住宅地区はピスエルガ川の右岸に拡大した。1346年創立のバリャドリード大学、1585年ごろ建設の大聖堂、イサベル様式のファサード（正面）をもつサン・パブロ教会（15世紀）、美術館もあるコレヒオ・デ・サン・グレゴリオ教会（1480～96）など、旧市街には歴史的建造物が多い。

［田辺　裕・滝沢由美子］

歴史

古代ローマが征服したときにはケルト・イベリア人が居住していた。その後、5世紀に西ゴート人、8世紀にイスラム教徒の侵入を受け、レコンキスタ（国土回復戦争）の時期の11世紀にレオン王国の前哨(ぜんしょう)地点として都市が形成された。14世紀にはすでに大学が創設され、15世紀にはここでカスティーリャ王女イサベルとアラゴン皇太子フェルナンドとの結婚式が行われ、コムニダーデスの乱（1520～21）では反乱都市側の重要な地点となった。フェリペ2世はここで生まれ、彼の治世には大火災を経験したもののカスティーリャの工業・商業中心地として栄え、その子フェリペ3世の時代には短期間首都とされた。19世紀初頭のフランス軍侵入では由緒ある建物の破壊と殺戮(さつりく)が行われ、スペイン内戦では初期に反乱派に占領され、その重要な出撃地とされた。コロンブスの葬儀はここで行われ、現在コロンブス博物館があり、また『ドン・キホーテ』の作者セルバンテスの居住を記念して「セルバンテスの家」が残されている。

［深澤安博］

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