Leader of the Philippine Revolution. Born into a distinguished family in Cavite Viejo (now Kawit), Cavite. Elected mayor of the town in 1895, he deceived the eyes of Spanish colonists and joined the secret society Katipunan. When the revolution broke out in August 1896, he led the revolutionary forces in Cavite, gained fame, and demanded leadership of the entire revolution. This led to internal conflict with Katipunan President Bonifacio, but he prevailed and became president of the revolutionary government in March 1897. However, his leadership was opportunistic, and in December 1897 he made peace with Spain and went into exile in Hong Kong. When the Spanish-American War began in April 1898, he returned to the Philippines and took back leadership of the revolution. In January 1899, he established the First Philippine Republic (Malolos Republic) and became president. However, with the outbreak of war with the United States in February of that year, he was arrested and surrendered in March 1901. After that, he lived in seclusion in his hometown, but in 1935 he was brought in to run in the first presidential election of the Philippine Commonwealth, where he lost to Quezon. [Ikebata Yukiura] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フィリピン革命の指導者。カビテ州カビテビエホ(現カウィット)の名家の出。1895年同町の町長に選出されるやスペイン植民者の目を欺いて秘密結社カティプーナンに入会。1896年8月革命が勃発(ぼっぱつ)するとカビテ州の革命軍を率いて名声をあげ、革命全体の指導権を要求するに至った。そのためカティプーナン総裁ボニファシオとの間に内訌(ないこう)を生じたが、これに勝って、1897年3月革命政府大統領となった。しかし、彼の指導は日和見(ひよりみ)的で、1897年12月にはスペインと講和して香港(ホンコン)へ亡命。1898年4月アメリカ・スペイン戦争が始まると帰国してふたたび革命の指導権を掌握、1899年1月には第一次フィリピン共和国(マロロス共和国)を樹立して大統領に就任した。だが、同年2月から始まったアメリカとの戦争で、1901年3月逮捕され降伏した。以後は郷里で隠遁(いんとん)生活を送っていたが、1935年フィリピン・コモンウェルス(連邦)初の大統領選挙に担ぎ出されケソンに敗れた。 [池端雪浦] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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