The crime of making a false accusation, accusation, or other report with the intent of receiving criminal or disciplinary punishment. It is punishable by disciplinary punishment of 3 months to 10 years (Article 172 of the Penal Code. Intentionally suing someone with information that is not true is called "false accusation," and this crime was previously defined as "false accusation.") However, if the perpetrator confesses before the trial is finalized or before disciplinary punishment is given, the punishment may be reduced or waived (Article 173 of the same law). The purpose of this crime, like perjury, is to prevent the risk of misleading the state's judicial function and to protect the falsely accused from receiving erroneous punishment. Therefore, even if the falsely accused consents, it does not affect the establishment of this crime, and conversely, if there is no risk of misleading the duties of the accused, this crime does not exist. However, in either position, "false self-accusation" does not constitute this crime. In this crime, "falsehood" means something that is contrary to the objective truth, so even if the perpetrator mistakenly believes something to be false, as long as it is objectively true, this crime does not occur. In addition, the "report" must be made to the responsible government office, but in the case of criminal punishment, the report must be made to an investigative agency such as the prosecutor's office or judicial police, and in the case of disciplinary punishment, the report must be made to the disciplinary authority or an agency that can encourage the exercise of disciplinary power. The report may be made either verbally or in writing, but it must be made voluntarily, so if a false statement is made while being questioned by an investigative agency, it does not constitute this crime. [Tetsuro Nawa] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
刑事または懲戒の処分を受けさせる目的で、虚偽の告訴、告発その他の申告をする罪。3月以上10年以下の懲戒に処せられる(刑法172条。なお、故意に事実と異なる内容で人を訴えることを「誣告(ぶこく)」といい、かつては本罪も「誣告罪」と規定されていた)。ただし、この行為者が裁判確定前または懲戒処分前に自白したときはその刑を減軽または免除することができる(同法173条)。本罪の目的は、偽証罪と同様に、国の審判作用を誤らしめる危険を防止することとともに、誤った処分を受けることから被誣告者を保護することである。したがって、被誣告者の承諾があっても本罪の成立に影響しないし、逆に職務を誤らしめる危険のないときは本罪が成立しない。ただ、いずれの立場でも「自己誣告」は本罪を構成しない。 本罪における「虚偽」とは客観的真実に反することをいうから、行為者が虚偽であると誤信するとしても、これが客観的な真実である限り本罪は成立しない。また、「申告」は担当官署に対してなす必要があるが、刑事処分の場合には検察・司法警察などの捜査機関に対して申告する必要があり、懲戒処分の場合では懲戒権者または懲戒権の発動を促しうる機関に対して申告する必要がある。なお、申告は口頭、書面いずれによってもよいが、自発的なものでなければならないから、捜査機関の取調べを受けて虚偽の陳述をする場合には、本罪に該当しない。 [名和鐵郎] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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