Kyogoku Clan

A branch of the Sasaki clan of the Uda Genji clan in Omi. A shugo daimyo. One of the four shishiki families. In the mid-Kamakura period, Sasaki Nobutsuna's third son Yasutsuna claimed the Rokkaku clan, while his fourth son Ujinobu built a mansion in Takatsuji Kyogoku in Kyoto and claimed the Kyogoku clan. During the Kamakura period, they served Rokuhara as Kyoto-based vassals, and were appointed as Kebiishi for generations. During the civil war between the Northern and Southern Courts, Takauji (Doyo) served Ashikaga Takauji, was given the position of Sasaki Soryoshiki, became the shugo of Omi, Wakasa, Kazusa, Izumo, and Hida, and restored the Kyogoku clan. His son Takahide also served Shogun Yoshiakira, and was appointed as a councilor and head of the Samurai Office. His son, Takanori, served Yoshimitsu, and was awarded the position of Shugo of Izumo and Oki for his contributions in the Meitoku Rebellion (1391), and the position of Shugo of Iwami during the Oei Rebellion (1399). He also served as a member of the Hyojoshu and was appointed as the Samurai-dokoro no Shoshi, establishing his family's status as one of the four official families. Takamitsu later served Shogun Yoshimochi, and Takakazu served Yoshinori, but Takakazu was killed by the Akamatsu clan during the Kakitsu Rebellion (1441). Mochikiyo then succeeded him, and as the Samurai-dokoro no Shoshi, he controlled the peace in Kyoto for a long time in the mid-15th century. During the Onin War (1467-77), they sided with the Hosokawa clan in the eastern army and competed with the Rokkaku clan, who sided with the western army, for the position of Sasaki head and Omi Shugo. However, after his death, internal conflicts broke out within the clan, and there was oppression by the Rokkaku clan and rebellion by the Amago and Taga clans. After Takakiyo, the clan declined and came under the influence of the Azai clan in the mid-16th century. Later, Takatsugu served Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu, and became the lord of Wakasa Obama Domain (during Takakazu's reign, he was transferred to Sanuki Marugame Domain, and later the Tadotsu Domain was separated), and his younger brother Takatomo also became the lord of Tango Miyazu Domain (which later became the lord of Tajima Toyooka Domain and Tango Mineyama Domain).

[Keiichi Miyajima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

近江(おうみ)の宇多源氏(うだげんじ)佐々木氏の一流。守護大名。四職(ししき)家の一つ。鎌倉中期、佐々木信綱(のぶつな)の三男泰綱(やすつな)が六角(ろっかく)氏を称したのに対し、四男氏信(うじのぶ)は京都の京極高辻(たかつじ)に館(やかた)を構え京極氏を称した。鎌倉期は在京御家人(ごけにん)として六波羅(ろくはら)に仕え、また代々検非違使(けびいし)に任命された。南北朝内乱期に高氏(たかうじ)（導誉(どうよ)）が足利尊氏(あしかがたかうじ)に従って活躍し、佐々木惣領職(そうりょうしき)を得、近江・若狭(わかさ)・上総(かずさ)・出雲(いずも)・飛騨(ひだ)の守護となり、京極氏を中興した。子の高秀(たかひで)も将軍義詮(よしあきら)に仕え、評定衆(ひょうじょうしゅう)・侍所所司(さむらいどころしょし)に任ぜられた。その子の高詮(たかのり)は義満(よしみつ)に仕え、明徳(めいとく)の乱（1391）の功により出雲・隠岐(おき)の守護職を、応永(おうえい)の乱（1399）で石見(いわみ)の守護職を与えられ、また評定衆として、さらに侍所所司となる四職家としての家格を確立した。その後、高光(たかみつ)は将軍義持(よしもち)に、高数(たかかず)は義教(よしのり)に仕えたが、高数は嘉吉(かきつ)の乱（1441）で赤松氏に殺された。その後は持清(もちきよ)が継ぎ、侍所所司として、15世期中葉の京都の治安を長く掌握した。応仁(おうにん)の乱（1467～77）では東軍の細川方に属し、西軍に属した六角氏と佐々木惣領職・近江守護職を争ったが、その死後、一族に内紛が起こり、一方で六角氏の圧迫や尼子(あまご)・多賀(たが)氏の反抗があり、高清以後は衰退し、16世紀中ごろには浅井氏の勢力下に入った。その後、高次(たかつぐ)が織田信長・豊臣秀吉(とよとみひでよし)・徳川家康に仕え、若狭小浜(おばま)藩主になり（高和(たかかず)の代に讃岐(さぬき)丸亀(まるがめ)藩に移封、のち多渡津(たどつ)藩を分出）、その弟高知(たかとも)も丹後(たんご)宮津藩主となった（のち但馬(たじま)豊岡(とよおか)藩・丹後峰山(みねやま)藩を分出）。

［宮島敬一］

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