Crystal growth

Japanese: 結晶成長 - けっしょうせいちょう（英語表記）crystal growth

A general term for the process in which crystal nuclei form in a substance with a crystalline structure in the gas phase, liquid phase, solution, amorphous state, etc., and these gradually grow into larger crystals. In the narrow sense, it refers to the growth of crystal nuclei, and is divided into crystal nucleation and crystal growth. Crystal nucleation is fastest when the degree of supercooling (supersaturation) reaches a certain level, but nuclei are often formed on the walls of a container or on foreign objects. The rate of crystal growth is generally faster when the degree of supercooling is smaller than that of nucleation. When the growth rate is fast, growth is dominated by transport phenomena such as diffusion of substances and transfer of latent heat, and dendrites form. When the degree of supercooling is small and the growth rate is slow, the crystal faces specific to the crystal structure become the crystal surface, resulting in a regular outer shape. In this case, a spiral pattern often appears on the crystal surface. (→Spiral growth)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

結晶構造をもつ物質が，気相，液相，溶液，非晶質などから結晶核を生じ，それが次第に大きい結晶になることを総称していう。狭義には，結晶核が成長することをさし，結晶核生成と結晶成長とに分けて扱う。結晶核形成は過冷却 (過飽和) がある程度に達したとき最も速いが，容器の壁や異物がもとになって核が形成される場合も多い。結晶成長速度は一般に核形成よりも小さい過冷却度のときに速い。成長速度の速い場合，成長は物質の拡散や潜熱の伝達などの輸送現象に支配され，樹枝状晶となる。過冷却度が小さく成長速度の遅い場合，結晶構造に特有な結晶面が結晶の表面となり，規則的な外形となる。このとき結晶表面には渦巻模様がしばしば現れる。 (→渦巻成長 )

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