Bridge

Japanese: 橋 - はし

Bridges are structures that cross rivers, straits, and other transportation routes to allow roads, railways, etc. to pass through. They are classified according to their purpose as road bridges, railway bridges, pedestrian bridges, waterway bridges, gas pipe bridges, etc., and according to the material they are made of as wooden bridges, stone bridges, concrete bridges, steel bridges, light metal bridges, etc. Bridges are broadly classified into fixed bridges and movable bridges, in which the bridge girders can be moved. Fixed bridges are classified according to the structure of the main components as arch bridges, girder bridges, cantilever bridges, suspension bridges, truss bridges, rigid frame bridges, etc. Bridge construction methods include the scaffolding type, in which girders are assembled on a scaffold or temporary bridge, the cantilever type, in which girders are assembled little by little from both banks and finally joined in the middle, the cable type, which uses an aerial cable, the pontoon type, in which girders assembled on land are placed on the piers using pontoons, the hand-stretching type, which is often used in the erection of railway bridges, and the steering wheel type, in which the girders are suspended from a steering wheel. More recent types of cable-stayed bridges, in which the main girders are suspended by cables strung diagonally from towers, have been erected in a variety of configurations, from short-span bridges such as pedestrian bridges to long spans of over 400 m (such as the Yokohama Bay Bridge).
→ Related topics: Bascule bridges | Hinge | Frame (architecture)

Bridge [Today]

The part of the brain that continues above the medulla oblongata and below the midbrain. Its dorsal surface forms the floor of the fourth ventricle. It is so named because it resembles a bridge connecting the left and right cerebellar hemispheres. The pons is found only in mammals, and is particularly well developed in humans. The pons contains a large piece of gray matter called the pontine nucleus, through which the pyramidal tracts run vertically. It also contains gray matter where the trigeminal, abducens, and facial nerves begin or end.
→Related topics Brain | Brain stem

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

橋梁(きょうりょう)とも。河川，海峡，他の交通路等の上をまたぎ，道路，鉄道等を通すための構造物。使用目的から道路橋，鉄道橋，人道橋，水路橋，ガス管橋等に，また材料により木橋，石橋，コンクリート橋，鋼橋，軽金属橋等に分類。橋の構造様式は固定橋と橋桁が移動できるようになっている可動橋に大別される。固定橋は主要部材の構造から，アーチ橋，桁橋，ゲルバー橋（カンチレバー橋），つり橋，トラス橋，ラーメン橋，等に分類される。橋の架設方法には，足場を組みまたは仮橋を足場にしてこの上で桁を組む足場式，両岸から少しずつ桁を組んで最後に真中で継ぎ合わせる片持式，空中ケーブルを利用するケーブル式，陸上で組み立てた桁をポンツーンを用いて橋脚上にのせるポンツーン式，鉄道橋の架設に多用される手延式，操重車で桁をつり架設する操重車式などがある。最近の形式では，塔から斜めに張ったケーブルで主桁をつる多様な形態の斜張橋が，歩道橋などの短支間のものから，400m以上の長大支間のもの（横浜ベイブリッジなど）まで架設されるようになった。
→関連項目跳開橋｜ヒンジ｜ラーメン（建築）

橋【きょう】

脳の一部で，延髄の上方に続き，中脳の下方に続く部分。その背面は第四脳室の底をなす。左右の小脳半球を連ねる橋のように見えるのでこの名がある。橋は哺乳類のみにあり，特にヒトではよく発達している。橋には橋核という大きい灰白質があり，これを縦に貫いて錐体路が通る。また三叉(さんさ)・外転・顔面の各神経が始まりまたは終わる灰白質もある。
→関連項目脳｜脳幹

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