German psychologist. Born in Kaldau, Russia. He was a student and assistant of experimental psychologist W. Bundt. During his tenure at the University of Würzburg, he established a psychology laboratory and conducted research on thought processes using systematic experimental introspection. In opposition to Bundt, who believed that higher mental processes such as thought processes could not be studied in a laboratory, he founded the Würzburg School. Their research showed that most thought processes are imageless, non-associative, and meaningful processes with direction. For example, Ach's (1871-1946) research on decision tendencies or attitudes showed that the experimenter's instructions on the task give rise to a certain reaction tendency without the subject being aware of it. In addition to Ach, his students included August Messer (1867-1937) and Bühler. [Utsugi Tamotsu] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの心理学者。ロシア領のカルダウに生まれる。実験心理学者であるW・ブントの弟子で、その助手でもあった。ウュルツブルク大学在職中に心理学実験室をつくり、組織的実験的内観法による思考過程の研究を行い、思考過程のような高等の心的過程は実験室では研究できないと考えたブントに反対して、ウュルツブルク学派をたてた。彼らの研究によって思考過程は大部分が心像のない、非連合的な、方向のある有意味の過程であることがわかった。たとえば、アッハNarziss Kasper Ach(1871―1946)の決定傾向あるいは識態の研究は、実験者の与えた課題の教示によって被験者が意識しないのに、一定の反応傾向が生じることを示した。彼の弟子にはアッハのほかに、メッサーAugust Messer(1867―1937)、ビューラーなどがいる。 [宇津木保] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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