It is a vertical cast iron melting furnace that has been used since ancient times to manufacture cast iron castings. Kawaguchi City in Saitama Prefecture is famous for its many foundries, but it is also familiar to the public as the setting of the novel "The Town with a Cupola," which was also made into a movie. The structure of the furnace is simple, made into a vertical cylinder wrapped in iron plates and lined on the inside with firebricks. The bottom of the furnace can be opened and closed, and is opened after melting is complete to allow the contents of the furnace to fall out. From the bottom, the furnace wall is equipped with an outlet for the molten cast iron, an outlet for the molten slag, an air inlet for combustion (tuyere), and an inlet for feeding the raw material ingot, fuel coke, and slag forming agent. Coke is packed from the bottom of the hearth to a certain height above the tuyere, and then metals (pig iron, scrap steel, cast iron, etc.), coke, and slag-forming material (limestone) are alternately charged on top of it in a certain ratio. Air is blown in from the tuyere by a blower, burning the coke to melt the metals, and the molten cast iron is taken out from an outlet near the bottom of the hearth and collected in a ladle, which is then carried to the mold for casting. Melting capacity is indicated by the amount of melted weight per hour, and varies depending on the size of the furnace, from 1 ton for small furnaces to 25 tons for large ones. In craft factories, barrel-shaped clay cylinders are stacked about three high and called "koshiki" to form a cast iron melting furnace. The name cupola is said to originate from the Latin word cupa, which means barrel. Nowadays, low-frequency induction electric furnaces are widely used for melting cast iron, but cupolas are still widely used. [Katsuya Igawa] ©Takashi Aoki Cupola structure Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鋳鉄鋳物を製造するための直立する鋳鉄溶解炉で、古くから用いられている。埼玉県川口市は鋳物工場の多い街として有名であるが、ここを舞台とした小説で映画化もされた『キューポラのある街』で一般にも親しまれている。 炉の構造は簡単で、鉄板を巻いて立型円筒形とし、内側に耐火れんがで裏張りする。炉底は開閉できるようにし、溶解終了後開いて炉内容物を落下させる。炉壁には下方から、溶融鋳鉄の取出し口、溶融滓(さい)の取出し口、燃焼用の空気吹込み口(羽口(はぐち))、原料地金や燃料コークスや造滓剤を投入する装入口などがついている。 炉底より羽口上のある高さまでコークスを詰め、その上に地金(銑鉄、鋼くず、鋳鉄くずなど)とコークス、造滓剤(石灰石)を一定の量比で交互に装入し、羽口から空気を送風機により送り込み、コークスを燃焼させて地金を溶解し、炉底近くの取出し口から溶融鋳鉄を取り出して取鍋(とりべ)に受け、これを鋳型まで運び鋳造する。溶解能力は1時間当りの溶解重量で示され、炉の大小によって小は1トンから大は25トン程度のものまである。工芸品工場などでは、粘土でつくった樽(たる)状の円筒を3段くらい重ねて「こしき」と称して鋳鉄溶解炉としている。キュポラの名もラテン語の樽を意味するcupaに発するといわれる。現在では低周波誘導電気炉が鋳鉄溶解に広く用いられるようになったが、依然としてキュポラも広く用いられている。 [井川克也] ©青木 隆"> キュポラの構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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