Jiujiang

A prefecture-level city in the northernmost part of Jiangxi Province, China. It has jurisdiction over three city districts and seven counties, and acts as the administrative agent for three county-level cities (as of 2018). It is located on the southern bank of the Yangtze River (Changjiang) and at the northern foot of Lushan Mountain. It has a population of 4,504,207 (2010). It is on the border with Hubei Province and Anhui Province, and is located along the Beijing-Kowloon Line. The railway crosses the Yangtze River on a large iron bridge, which opened in April 1977, and there is also a railway link to Wuhan. During the Han Dynasty, it was the site of two counties, Chaisang and Xunyang, but during the Sui Dynasty, it was merged into Xunyang County, and was renamed Pengli, Huocheng, Xunyang, etc. After the Five Dynasties (907-960), it was called Dehua County, and during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was Jiujiang Prefecture. In 1914, it became Jiujiang County, and in 1949, the county government and surrounding areas were given city status.

It is a distribution center for goods in northern Jiangxi Province, one of the important river ports on the Yangtze River, and a key location for land and water transportation. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was a commercial city, and after the Opium Wars, it became an open port under the Treaty of Tianjin, and was also one of China's three major tea cities. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, industries such as machinery, textiles, chemicals, shipbuilding, ceramics, and food processing developed, and in rural areas rice, cotton, rapeseed, hemp, and tobacco are produced, and the fishing industry is also thriving.

In addition to the scenic spots of Lushan and Korei, there are also Gantang Lake, Nengren Temple, Tianhua Palace, the tomb and shrine of Tao Yuanming (Tao Qian), and Suojiang Tower. In 1996, Lushan was registered as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) as Lushan National Park (World Cultural Heritage).

[Michihiro Kono, Editor, June 18, 2019]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、江西(こうせい)省北端の地級市。3市轄区、7県を管轄し、3県級市の管轄代行を行う（2018年時点）。長江(ちょうこう)（揚子江(ようすこう)）の南岸、廬山(ろざん)の北麓に位置する。人口450万4207（2010）。湖北(こほく)、安徽(あんき)両省との省境にあたり、京九線に沿う。鉄道は長江を大鉄橋で横断し、1977年4月に開通、また武漢(ぶかん)との間にも鉄道が通じる。漢代には柴桑(さいそう)、尋陽(じんよう)2県の地であったが、隋(ずい)代には尋陽県に統合、彭蠡(ほうれい)、湓城(ぼんじょう)、潯陽(じんよう)などとしばしば改名され、五代（907～960）以後徳化(とくか)県とよばれ、明(みん)・清(しん)代には九江府治であった。1914年九江県となり、1949年県治と周辺部に市制を施行した。

　江西省北部の物資の集散地であるとともに、長江の重要河港の一つで、水陸交通上の要地となっている。中華人民共和国成立以前は商業都市で、アヘン戦争後、天津(てんしん)条約で開港場となり、中国三大茶市の一つでもあった。中華人民共和国成立後、機械、紡織、化学、造船、陶磁器、食品加工などの工業が発展、農村部では米、ワタ、ナタネ（アブラナ）、アサ類、タバコを産し、水産業も盛んである。

　名勝廬山、牯嶺(これい)のほか甘棠(かんとう)湖、能仁寺、天花宮、陶淵明(とうえんめい)（陶潜(とうせん)）の墓と祠(ほこら)、鎖江楼(さこうろう)などがある。廬山は1996年、ユネスコ（国連教育科学文化機関）により「廬山国立公園」として世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された（世界文化遺産）。

［河野通博・編集部　2019年6月18日］

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