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A Chinese scholar of classical literature in the mid-Ming dynasty. His pen name was Xifu and his pen name was Zhenchuan. He was from Kunshan County (Jiangsu Province). In 1565 (44th year of the Jiajing era), at the age of 60, he passed the examination and became the head of the Nanjing Taibo Temple. He was a sharp critic of the prevailing literary school of the Seven Sons of the Former and the Present, who imitated the Qin and Han style of prose and wrote in classical literature, or pseudo-classical literature, and opposed them, taking the poetry and prose of the Tang and Song dynasties as their model. He criticized their leader Wang Shizhen and others as delusional giants. He is regarded today as the foremost Ming Dynasty scholar of classical literature, succeeding Sima Qian and the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and leading the Tongcheng school of classical literature of the Qing Dynasty along with Fang Bao and Yao. His writing is extremely concise, and when he writes about his personal affairs and family, it becomes full of lyricism and vividness. His works such as "Hanhua Funeral Records" and "Sempei Shilue" are famous as masterpieces. His works include "Zhenchuan Sensei Shu" (Collection of Masters) in 30 volumes and "Tongbetsu Shu" (Collection of Masters) in 10 volumes.

[Haruo Tsuru]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)代中期の古文家。字(あざな)は煕甫(きほ)、号は震川(しんせん)。崑山(こんざん)県（江蘇(こうそ)省）の人。1565年（嘉靖44）60歳で会試に及第、南京太僕寺丞(ナンキンたいぼくじじょう)に至った。文壇の主流で秦(しん)漢の文を模倣する前後七子(しちし)らの古文辞すなわち偽古文派を鋭く批判し、唐宋(とうそう)の詩文を規範として対立、その領袖(りょうしゅう)王世貞(おうせいてい)らを妄庸(もうよう)の巨子(きょし)とこき下ろした。彼は司馬遷(しばせん)、唐宋八大家を承(う)け継ぎ、後の方苞(ほうぼう)、姚鼐(ようだい)ら清(しん)の桐城(とうじょう)派古文を導く明代第一の古文家として今日評価されるが、その文は簡潔を極め、身辺のこと、家族のことに筆が及ぶとき、叙情豊かに精彩を帯びる。「寒花葬志」「先妣(せんぴ)事略」などは名文として名高い。著書に『震川先生集』30巻、『同別集』10巻がある。

［都留春雄］

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