Ives

Japanese: アイブズ
Ives
American composer. He received his musical education from his father, a bandleader, and studied composition and organ at Yale University. In 1907, he established an insurance agency and became its vice president. Since then, he wrote works as a "Sunday composer" and remained relatively unknown for a long time. In 1947, his Symphony No. 3, Camp Gathering, premiered more than 30 years after its completion (1911), and finally attracted attention when it won the Pulitzer Prize. He pioneered various avant-garde techniques before Schoenberg and Stravinsky, and was one of the earliest composers to dabble in "aleatory" (see Aleatory Music) and quarter tones, and is now considered one of the great composers of the first half of the 20th century. All of his works are rooted in the spiritual culture of his native New England, and are known for his bold use of quoted melodies in his Symphony No. 2 (1900-1902, premiered by Bernstein in 1951), two string quartets (1896, 1907-1913), the orchestral piece Three Places in New England (Orchestral Suite No. 1) (1908-1914), the Concord Sonata for piano (1911-1915), and his Symphony No. 4 for two orchestras (1910-1916, premiered by Stokowski in 1965). →EC Carter

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
米国の作曲家。バンド・リーダーの父に音楽教育を受け,イェール大学で作曲とオルガンを学ぶ。1907年,保険会社の代理店を設立し副社長に就任。以来〈日曜作曲家〉として作品を書き,長らく無名に近い存在として過ごした。1947年,完成(1911年)後三十数年を経て初演された《交響曲第3番キャンプの集い》がピュリッツァー賞を受賞し,ようやく注目を浴びる。シェーンベルクやストラビンスキーに先駆けて様々な前衛的手法を開拓し,〈偶然性〉(偶然性の音楽参照)や4分音にまでいち早く手を染めた作曲家として,現在では20世紀前半の大作曲家の一人に数えられる。作品はいずれも郷里ニューイングランドの精神文化に根ざし,〈引用〉旋律が大胆に用いられた《交響曲第2番》(1900年−1902年,1951年バーンスタインにより初演),2つの弦楽四重奏曲(1896年,1907年−1913年),管弦楽曲《ニューイングランドの3つの場所(管弦楽組曲第1番)》(1908年−1914年),ピアノのための《コンコード・ソナタ》(1911年−1915年),2群の管弦楽による《交響曲第4番》(1910年−1916年,1965年ストコフスキーによって初演)などが知られる。→E.C.カーター

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