A city in the Republic of Azerbaijan. It was called Elizavetpol' from 1804 to 1918, and Kirovabad from 1935 to 1989. The name Ganja was also used until 1804 and from 1918 to 1935. Population: 300,900 (2002). It is located on the alluvial fan of the Ganjachay River, a tributary of the Kura River, at the northeastern foot of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains, along the Baku-Tbilisi railway line. The city has been known since the 5th century, and was known for its handicraft industry and commerce in the 12th and 13th centuries, but was often attacked by Persians, Tatars, Mongols, and others. In the 18th century, it became the capital of the Ganj Khanate, and in 1804 it became part of Russia, and in 1868 it became the seat of the Elizavetpol County government. There are factories for cotton processing, meat, flour milling, dairy products, and a light metal factory that uses locally produced alum as its raw material. The old town has many historical sites, such as the fortress walls and tower (13th century), the Islamic academic center Göy Imam (14th-17th century), and the Islamic mosque Cuma Mececi (17th century) in the vicinity. There are research and educational facilities in agricultural economics, education, politics, light industry, medicine, and local history museums. [Kazuo Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アゼルバイジャン共和国の都市。1804~1918年の間はエリザベトポリElizavetpol'、1935~89年の間はキーロババードКировабад/Kirovabadとよばれた。ギャンジャの呼称は1804年までと1918~35年にも使用されている。人口30万0900(2002)。小カフカス山脈の北東山麓(さんろく)、クラ川支流ギャンジャチャイ川の扇状地上に位置し、バクー―トビリシ間の鉄道に沿う。市は5世紀より知られ、12~13世紀に織物製造の手工業と商業で知られたが、しばしばペルシア、タタール、モンゴルなどに攻め込まれた。18世紀にはギャンジ・ハン国の首都、1804年にロシア領、68年にエリザベトポリ郡役所所在地となった。綿加工や、食肉、製粉、乳製品などの工場、地元産明礬(みょうばん)石を原料とする軽金属工場などがある。旧市街には要塞(ようさい)の城壁、塔(13世紀)、イスラム教の学問所ギョイ・イマム(14~17世紀)、近郊にイスラム教寺院ジュマ・メチェチ(17世紀)などの史跡が多い。農業経済、教育、政治、軽工業、医学などの研究・教育施設、郷土館が置かれている。 [渡辺一夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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