Gallery - Gallery (English)

Japanese: ギャラリー - ぎゃらりー(英語表記)gallery 英語
Gallery - Gallery (English)

The original meaning of the word was a corridor or gallery outside a building, but during the time of Alexander the Great, art works that had been collected were displayed there, and so the word came to mean a place for displaying art. More precisely, it was an art gallery or a picture gallery. Even today, gallery is used in a broader sense to mean a gallery or a spectator or observer, but in the art world, it has become a word unique to that world. Usually, it refers to the rooms in a museum, or the exhibition space of an art dealer, but in some places, such as the National Gallery in London and Washington, it is the name of a large or small museum itself, a usage that dates back to the time of Alexander the Great.

Since the establishment of modern art dealers at the end of the 19th century, galleries have been established there, and the custom of constantly exhibiting the works of artists they represent has emerged, and these have come to have social significance. For artists, they have become an essential place to exhibit their work, and for art enthusiasts, they have become an important place to learn about artists, from which various dramas have been born and history has been created.

In Japan, the need for art exhibitions gradually increased, starting with the calligraphy and painting meetings held in Higashiyama, Kyoto during the Kansei period (1789-1801) of the Edo period. A permanent exhibition hall was established in Tokyo in the early 20th century, in 1903 and 1904 (Meiji 36 and 37), and then, around the beginning of the Taisho period, modern art dealers were born and galleries were also established. However, it was not until the 1920s that the word "gallery" began to be translated as "art gallery."

Many art dealers have galleries, but some do not. Conversely, there are dealers who run galleries but do not buy or sell art.

[Shinichi Segi]

[Reference] | Art dealer

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

本来の意味は、建物の外側の歩廊、回廊をいうが、アレクサンドロス大王の時代に、収集した美術品をそこに並べたところから、美術品の展示場をいうようになった。正確にはart galleryあるいはpicture galleryである。今日でも、ギャラリーは天井桟敷(てんじょうさじき)とか、さらに見物人・傍聴人などの広い意味で用いられているが、美術の世界では、この世界特有のことばとなっている。通常それは美術館内の各室、もしくは美術商の展示スペースを意味するが、ロンドンやワシントンのナショナル・ギャラリーのように、大小美術館の名称そのものとなっているところもあり、それはアレクサンドロス大王時代の用法である。

 19世紀末に近代的な意味での画商が成立して以来、そこにはギャラリーが設置されて、取扱い作家の作品を絶えず展示する習慣が生まれ、社会的な意味をもつに至った。作家にとっては作品発表の不可欠な場所であり、愛好者にとっては作家を知る重要な場所となり、そこからさまざまのドラマが生まれ、歴史がつくられた。

 日本でも、江戸時代の寛政(かんせい)期(1789~1801)に京都東山で書画会が催されたのを先駆例として、美術展示の必要が徐々に高まった。東京に常設的な展示場が設けられたのは20世紀初頭の1903、04年(明治36、37)で、その後、大正初年にかけて、近代的な画商が誕生するとともに、ギャラリーも設けられた。ただし、ギャラリーを「画廊」と訳すようになったのは大正10年代である。

 多くの画商は画廊をもつが、そうでない業者もある。反対に画廊を営むが美術品売買をしない業者もある。

[瀬木慎一]

[参照項目] | 画商

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