Jarmo - Jarmo (English spelling)

Japanese: ジャルモ - じゃるも(英語表記)Jarmo
Jarmo - Jarmo (English spelling)

The remains of an agricultural village are located about 60 km east of Kirkuk in Kurdistan, northeastern Iraq. They are located on a cliff in a deep dry valley. They are dated to the early settled agricultural period, but this survey raised questions about the origins of agricultural civilization, centered on the Fertile Crescent. Sixteen layers of ruins have been discovered, and from the remains of dwellings it is estimated that there was a population of about 200 people. Along with remains of wheat, sheep, and goats, what appears to have been a grain storage facility dug into the floor was also discovered, and a hearth was also found from a later period. As obsidian, which is not produced in the vicinity, was used, it is possible that there was trade with various regions. As there are remains such as a sickle with a knife stuck in a wooden handle and a stone mill, it is currently considered to be the oldest example of a settled agricultural culture. The site has been excavated with distinctive, high-quality pottery, known as Jarmo-style painted pottery, as well as red polished pottery. The excavator, Braidwood of the University of Chicago, has dated it to 6750 BC based on 14 C measurements, but doubts remain.

[Masaaki Itoga]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イラク北東部、クルディスターンのキルクークの東方約60キロメートルにある農耕村落遺跡。深い涸(か)れ谷の断崖(だんがい)上にある。初期定着農耕時代に比定されるが、この調査によって農耕文明の起源についての問題が、「肥沃(ひよく)な三日月地帯」を中心としておこった。遺跡は16層が検出され、住居址(し)から約200人の人口であったことが推定される。小麦、ヒツジ、ヤギなどの遺物とともに、床面を掘りくぼめた穀物の貯蔵庫とみられるものも発見され、後期にはかまども発見されている。付近から産出しない黒曜石が用いられているので、各地との交易も考えられる。木製の柄(え)にナイフを詰めて鎌(かま)としたものや石臼(いしうす)などがあるため、現在では定着農耕文化の最古のものであるとみられている。ジャルモ式彩文土器とよばれる特徴ある良質の土器が出土し、赤色磨研土器も出ている。発掘者のシカゴ大学のブレイドウッドは年代について、14Cの測定のなかから紀元前6750年を選んでいるが、疑問は残っている。

[糸賀昌昭]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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