Jürgen Kuczynski

Economist and economic historian of the former East Germany. His father was the statistician Robert René Kuczynski, and his wife Marguerite Kuczynski was also an economist. After graduating from the University of Berlin and the University of Heidelberg, he studied in the United States, and in the 1930s he worked as a statistician for the German Trade Union Confederation. After the establishment of the Nazi regime, he engaged in illegal activities and fled to England in 1936. After returning to the United Kingdom in 1946 after the end of World War II, he served as professor of economic history at Humboldt University, director of the Institute of Economic History at the same university, and director of the Department of Economic History at the Academy of Sciences. He conducted statistical and empirical research based on Marxist economic theory, and his works span a wide range of fields, from social sciences to humanities, but in Japan he is known especially as a researcher of the history of the conditions of workers and a demonstrator of the law of impoverishment. His systematic work, A Short History of the Conditions of the Workers under Capitalism, was published in England during his exile as A Short History of the Conditions of the Workers under Industrial Capitalism, and has since been revised three times and published in 38 volumes and 40 books (1960-1972). His other major works include A History of the German Economy (1948), A History of the World Economy (1952), A History of Child Labor in Germany (1958), A History of Labour (1962), The Rise of the Working Class (1967), and State, Economy, and Literature (1969).

[Katsuhiko Murahashi]

"The History of Labor, translated by Ryochi Riki (1963, Hosei University Press)" ▽ "The Establishment of the Working Class, translated by Ryochi Riki (1970, Heibonsha)" ▽ "State, Economy, and Literature, translated by Usami Seijiro (1971, Hosei University Press)" ▽ "Memoirs of Kuczynski 1945-1989: The Orthodox Heretic, translated by Terui Hideki (1998, Otsuki Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

旧東ドイツの経済学者、経済史家。父は統計学者ロベルト・ルネ・クチンスキー、夫人マルゲリーテ・クチンスキーも経済学者。ベルリン大学、ハイデルベルク大学を卒業後、アメリカに留学、1930年代にはドイツ労働総同盟で統計学者として活躍した。ナチス政権樹立後は非合法活動に従事し、36年イギリスに亡命。第二次世界大戦後46年に帰国してからフンボルト大学の経済史教授、同大学経済史研究所長、科学アカデミー経済史研究部長を歴任。マルクス主義経済理論を基礎とする統計的・実証的研究を行い、著作は、社会科学、人文科学の多方面にわたっているが、わが国では、とくに、労働者状態史の研究者、窮乏化法則の実証家として知られる。その体系的著作『資本主義下の労働者状態史』は、亡命時のイギリスで『産業資本主義下の労働者状態小史』として発刊されて以来、3回の改訂を経て、38巻40冊本で刊行された（1960～72）。主著としてはそのほかに、『ドイツ経済史』（1948）、『世界経済史』（1952）、『ドイツ児童労働史』（1958）、『労働の歴史』（1962）、『労働者階級の成立』（1967）、『国家・経済・文学』（1969）などがある。

［村橋克彦］

『良知力訳『労働の歴史』（1963・法政大学出版局）』▽『良知力訳『労働者階級の成立』（1970・平凡社）』▽『宇佐美誠次郎訳『国家・経済・文学』（1971・法政大学出版局）』▽『照井日出喜訳『クチンスキー回想録1945―1989　正統派の異端者』（1998・大月書店）』

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