A type of soft candy, it is softer and chewier than candies such as lozenges. In Japan, its prototype can be seen in the Nanban confectionery caramel, which was introduced during the Tenbun era (1532-1555), but it was not until the Meiji period that it was made into a common confectionery. Morinaga Taichiro (1865-1937) studied confectionery techniques in America, and after returning to Japan, he founded Morinaga & Co., Ltd., and began manufacturing caramel using a new method in 1899 (Meiji 32). At first it was sold loose in paper packaging, and the version in a paper box was made by Morinaga & Co., Ltd. in 1918 (Taisho 7). [Tomomi Kono and Yonago Yamaguchi] kindsThe most typical type is milk caramel, which is made with butter and flavored with milk or vanilla. In addition, there are names that express the aroma or flavor of the caramel, such as chocolate, coffee, fruits, nuts, and yogurt that are added. Caramel that is boiled down until it is thick is called taffy, and caramel that has more sugar, is less sticky, and is smooth and soft is called fudge. [Tomomi Kono and Yonago Yamaguchi] Manufacturing methodThe general method of making it is to thoroughly mix the ingredients such as sugar, starch syrup, condensed milk, and oils and fats, and then heat and boil in a steam boiler until the temperature reaches about 118-125°C. Flavorings are added and the mixture is stirred, then cooled thoroughly on a cooling plate, and rolled into sheets or strings of a certain thickness. The mixture is then cut into pieces using a cutting machine, wrapped in wax paper, and placed in a case. [Tomomi Kono and Yonago Yamaguchi] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ソフトキャンディーの一種で、口あたりがドロップなどの飴(あめ)類よりもソフトでかみごたえがある。日本では、天文(てんぶん)年間(1532~55)に伝来した南蛮菓子のカルメラ(かるめ焼き)に、その祖型をみることができるが、一般の菓子としてつくられたのは明治になってからである。すなわち、森永太一郎(たいちろう)(1865―1937)がアメリカで製菓技術を研究し、帰国後森永製菓を設立し、1899年(明治32)新しい製法でキャラメルの製造を始めた。初めは紙包装のばら売りで、紙の箱に入ったものは1918年(大正7)に同じく森永製菓でつくられた。 [河野友美・山口米子] 種類代表的なものがミルクキャラメルで、バターを加え、ミルクやバニラの香料を用いる。そのほか、チョコレート、コーヒー、フルーツやナッツ、ヨーグルトなどの香りや味など加えたものによって、それぞれその表現するものの名前がつけられている。キャラメルを固く煮つめたものはタフィーtaffyといい、またキャラメルより砂糖が多く、粘り気が少なく、滑らかで柔らかいものをファッジfudgeという。 [河野友美・山口米子] 製法一般的な作り方は、砂糖、水飴、練乳、油脂類などの原料をよく混合し、蒸気式の煮釜(にがま)で加熱し118~125℃ぐらいまで煮つめる。これに香料を加えて攪拌(かくはん)し、冷却盤に流してよく冷やし、ローラーにかけて一定の厚さの板状あるいは紐(ひも)状にする。切断機を通して切断し、これをワックスペーパーに包み、ケースに入れる。 [河野友美・山口米子] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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