Anamorphose (English spelling) French

Japanese: アナモルフォーズ - あなもるふぉーず(英語表記)anamorphose フランス語
Anamorphose (English spelling) French

It means transformation or distortion. In English, it is called anamorphosis. It is a type of optical illusion in which an image is distorted using perspective, so that the original image appears only when viewed from a certain viewpoint. To obtain the correct image, a long, stretched image is shortened by viewing it at an angle, or a circular image is expanded and contracted by placing a spherical, cylindrical, or conical mirror at a specific position. With the theoretical development of perspective during the Renaissance, the definition of perspective was made in the early 16th century, and it gradually spread throughout Europe through the research of painters, mathematicians, and monks. Perspective is a geometric method devised to create a realistic three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional plane, but anamorphosis, which uses perspective to create extremely fantastical figures, was often used in the 16th and 17th centuries to express themes that go beyond the reason and science of this world. For example, in the most famous work, Hans Holbein's "The Ambassadors" (1533), an anamorphic skeleton appears at the feet of a young nobleman and a clergyman. This has been interpreted as a representation of how the young men's status and wealth, as well as the knowledge symbolized by the globe and books on the shelves, will ultimately be surpassed by the superhuman power of the skeleton, or death. There are also many examples of skeletons on subjects where it would be problematic if the design were immediately recognizable, such as satirical scenes that mock those in power or erotic scenes. There are also many variations in the shape of skeletons, such as large ones painted on the walls of buildings, or ones hidden in boxes or cupboards. From the 18th century onwards, anamorphosis moved away from Christianity and academia and transformed into a casual form of visual play. It was introduced to Japan during the Edo period, where it was called "saya-e" (scabbard painting) because the designs were viewed through a lacquered sword sheath instead of a mirror.

[Kuraya Mika]

"Tanmura Toshihiro and Takayanagi Atsushi's "Optical Magic" (Kawade Bunko)""Jurgis Baltrushatis's "Anamorphosis: Optical Magic" (translated by Takayama Hiroshi) (1992, Kokusho Kankokai)"

[Reference item] | Perspective | Holbein (father and son)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

変形、歪曲(わいきょく)の意。英語ではアナモルフォーシスanamolphosisという。遠近法を利用して画像をゆがめて描き、ある視点から見たときのみ原像が浮かびあがるようにした、だまし絵の一種。正しい像を得るためには、長く引き伸ばされた図を斜めから見ることで短縮したり、円状に広げられた図の中の決まった位置に球、円筒、円錐(えんすい)形などの鏡を置くことによって収縮させる、といった方法がとられる。ルネサンス期における遠近法の理論的整備に伴い、16世紀初頭にその定義がなされ、画家や数学者、修道士らの研究によってしだいにヨーロッパ中に広まった。遠近法は、二次元の平面上に三次元のリアルな空間をつくるために考え出された幾何学的な方法だが、これを利用しながら、逆にきわめて幻想的な図形を生み出すアナモルフォーズは、16、17世紀には、しばしば現世の理性や学問を超えたもの、という主題を表すために利用された。たとえばもっとも有名な作例であるハンス・ホルバインの『使節たち』(1533)では、青年貴族と聖職者の足元に、アナモルフォーズによる骸骨(がいこつ)の姿が浮かびあがる。これは青年たちの地位や富、棚に置かれた地球儀や書物が象徴する学問などの現世の事柄が、最後は骸骨=死という人間を超えた力によって凌駕(りょうが)される、との意を表すとの解釈がある。また、権力者を揶揄(やゆ)する諷刺(ふうし)やエロティックな場面など、図柄がすぐにわかっては支障がある主題にも作例が多い。ほかに、建物の壁を利用して描かれた大きなもの、箱や戸棚の中に仕込まれたものなど、その形状にはさまざまなバリエーションがある。18世紀以降はキリスト教や学問から離れ、気軽な視覚の遊びへと変じたアナモルフォーズは、江戸時代の日本にも伝わっており、鏡のかわりに漆塗りの刀の鞘(さや)を立てて図柄を見ることから「鞘絵」とよばれた。

[蔵屋美香]

『種村季弘・高柳篤著『だまし絵』(河出文庫)』『ユルギス・バルトルシャティス著、高山宏訳『アナモルフォーズ――光学魔術』(1992・国書刊行会)』

[参照項目] | 遠近法 | ホルバイン(父子)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Mr. Anayama

>>:  Anamizu [town] - Anamizu

Recommend

Takashina Takakane

Years of birth: unknown. Painter of the Imperial C...

Equus hemionus hemionus; kulan

A wild donkey of the Perissodactyla order, family ...

Kilauea [mountain] - Kilauea

An active volcano in the southeast of Hawaii, Hawa...

One invention, one application principle

...In general, a patent can be called a grant of ...

Pedicularis keiskei (English spelling) Pediculariskeiskei

… [Kei Yamazaki]. … *Some of the terminology that...

Andong Protectorate

One of the six protectorates of the Tang Dynasty ...

Volcanism; volcanic activity

A general term for igneous phenomena caused by mag...

Reformed Cistercian Order - Kaikakushitoukai

Please see the Trappist page. Source: Encyclopaed...

Rokunohe [town] - Rokunohe

A town in Kamikita district, eastern Aomori prefec...

Ome Line - Oumesen

The name of a track operated by East Japan Railwa...

Assassin

The European name for the Nizari sect, a branch of...

Chernyshevskii, Nikolai Gavrilovich

Born: July 24, 1828, Saratov Died October 29, 1889...

Minkowski, Hermann

Born June 22, 1864. Alexotas Died January 22, 1909...

Maranhão (state)

A state in northeastern Brazil. It has an area of ...

Conditional Probability

To describe chance phenomena mathematically, event...