Anabasis (English spelling)

Japanese: アナバシス（英語表記）Anabasis

Also known as "The Retreat of the Ten Thousand." A documentary work by the Greek historian Xenophon. It means "inland march." When Persian prince Cyrus raised an army in rebellion against his brother Artaxerxes II and gathered Greek mercenaries, the author himself participated, and this work records the "inland march" of Cyrus' army and the retreat of the Greek mercenary army. Cyrus was defeated in the Battle of Cunaxa near Babylon, and Greek generals were also killed by cunning tricks, leaving 10,000 Greek soldiers in despair. At this point, the author took the lead, reorganized the army, and began a retreat from the enemy, traveling north through the bitterly cold Armenia to the Black Sea coast, and from there traveling west to the Mediterranean Sea, where he left his entire army in the hands of Spartan general Tibron, who was planning a war against Persia at the time. This work is a valuable testimony to the training and self-discipline of Greek heavy soldiers at the end of the 5th century BC, and also contains many lucid descriptions of the inhabitants, customs, and geography of the Armenian region and the Black Sea coast.

Anabasis
Anabasis

(1) The term refers to the campaign and return of Xenophon's Greek mercenaries, who fought against the Persian army of Achaemenid king Artaxerxes II (the brother of Cyrus the Younger) in 401-399 BCE, together with the rebellious Cyrus the Younger. Xenophon wrote a book called Anabasis (→ Battle of Cunaxa). (2) The term refers to the great campaign of Alexander the Great, which took him to Egypt, Iran, and India in 334-324 BCE. The 2nd-century historian Arrian wrote Anabasis based on this historical fact.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

別名『一万人の退却』。ギリシアの歴史家クセノフォンの記録文学。「内陸行」の意。ペルシア王子キュロスが兄のアルタクセルクセス2世に謀反の軍を起し，ギリシアの傭兵をつのった際に著者自身参加して，キュロス軍の「内陸行」とギリシア傭兵軍の退却を記録したもの。バビロンに近いクナクサの戦いにキュロスが倒れ，ギリシアの将軍たちも奸計によって殺され，1万人のギリシア兵士は絶望状態に陥った。このとき著者が指導者になって軍隊を再編成して敵の手を逃れて退却を開始し，北進して厳寒のアルメニアを通って黒海沿岸に達し，ここから西進してついに地中海にいたり，おりから対ペルシア戦を企てていたスパルタの将軍チブロンの手に全軍をゆだねた。この作品は前5世紀末のギリシア人重装兵の訓練と自律性についての貴重な証言であるとともに，アルメニア地方や黒海沿岸の住民，風俗，地誌についても，幾多の明快な記述を含んでいる。

アナバシス
Anabasis

(1) 前 401～399年クセノフォンたちのギリシア傭兵隊が反乱を起したキュロス (小)とともに，アケメネス朝の王アルタクセルクセス2世 (キュロス〈小〉の兄) のペルシア軍と戦った遠征と帰還をいう。クセノフォンの著作『アナバシス』がある。 (→クナクサの戦い ) (2) 前 334～324年アレクサンドロス3世 (大王)が行なったエジプト，イラン，インドにいたる大遠征をいう。2世紀の歴史家アリアノスはこの史実に基づいて『遠征記 (アナバシス) 』を書いた。

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