Palestine Liberation Organization (PALO). A political organization of Palestinian Arabs (Palestinians) who were expelled from Palestine and dispersed. Founded in 1964 by decision of the Arab League, it was recognized as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people at the Arab Summit in October 1974. In November of the same year, it was also recognized as an observer by the UN General Assembly. Its supreme leader was Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the National Council (died in 2004). The Palestine National Council (PNC) is the highest decision-making body and has long played the role of the Palestinian government in exile. It was originally headquartered in Amman, but was driven out by the Jordanian civil war in 1970 and moved to Beirut. It was involved in the Lebanese civil war and the Lebanon War, and moved its headquarters to Tunis in 1982. Initially, it aimed to liberate Palestine through armed struggle, but the mainstream Fatah changed to a realistic line that emphasized diplomacy. In 1988, the Palestinian state declared its independence and mutually recognized it with Israel, abandoning armed struggle. However, due to its pro-Iraq stance during the Gulf War, it lost aid from Gulf oil-producing countries, leading to the promotion of Palestinian self-government. Arafat's successor, M. Abbas (1935-), won a landslide victory in the 2005 election for chairman of the Palestinian Authority. →Palestinian issue→Related topics: Abbas | Jericho (place name) | Israel | Gaza | Sharon | Hamas | Palestinian Authority | Fatah Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
パレスティナ解放機構Palestine Liberation Organizationの略称。パレスティナを追われ離散したパレスティナのアラブ(パレスティナ人)の政治組織。1964年にアラブ連盟の決定によって設立され,1974年10月のアラブ首脳会議でパレスティナ人の唯一の正統代表としての地位を認められた。また同年11月,国連総会もオブザーバーとして承認。最高指導者はアラファート民族評議会議長(2004年没)であった。パレスティナ民族評議会(PNC)が最高意思決定機関で,長くパレスティナ人の亡命政府の役割を果たしてきた。はじめアンマンに本部をおいたが,1970年ヨルダン内戦で追われ,ベイルートに移動。レバノン内戦,レバノン戦争に巻き込まれ,1982年以降はチュニスに本部を移した。当初は武装闘争によるパレスティナの解放をめざしていたが,主流派であるファタハFatahは外交重視の現実路線へと転換した。1988年パレスティナ国家の独立を宣言するとともにイスラエルと相互承認して武装闘争を放棄した。しかし湾岸戦争でイラク寄りの姿勢をとったため湾岸産油国の援助を失い,パレスティナ暫定自治を進めるにいたった。アラファートの後任M.アッバス(1935− )は2005年のパレスティナ自治政府議長選挙で圧勝した。→パレスティナ問題 →関連項目アッバス|イェリコ(地名)|イスラエル|ガザ|シャロン|ハマース|パレスティナ自治政府|ファタハ 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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