Cavaignac - Louis Eugène Cavaignac

French soldier and politician. During the Restoration period established after the fall of Napoleon, he began his career as a military engineer, joined the Charbonnerie (charcoal burner) party, and was placed on probation due to his republican beliefs. Shortly after the establishment of the July 1830 monarchy, he returned to active duty and participated in the Algerian War of Conquest, and in 1848 became the military governor of Algeria. After the February Revolution of 1848, he was nominated by the moderate republican Nationalist faction in the election for the Constituent Assembly, won, became Minister of War, and was given full powers by the Assembly during the June workers' riots, which he brutally suppressed. He later became chairman of the cabinet and was given dictatorial powers, but suffered a major defeat at the hands of Louis Napoleon in the December presidential election of the Second Republic. He was arrested during the presidential coup on December 2, 1851, but was released shortly thereafter. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly the following year in 1852, but resigned, refusing to pledge allegiance to the Constitution of the Second Empire, and remained a republican.

[Katsura Yoshio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランスの軍人、政治家。ナポレオン没落後に成立した復古王政期に工兵職業軍人としての経歴をたどり、シャルボヌリ（炭焼）党に加盟、その共和主義の信条のため待命処分を受けた。1830年の七月王政成立後まもなく現役に復帰、アルジェリア征服戦争に参加、1848年にはアルジェリア軍政総督となった。同1848年の二月革命後、憲法制定議会選挙に穏和共和派のナシオナール派から推されて当選、陸軍大臣となり、労働者の6月暴動時に議会から全権を委任され、これを過酷に鎮圧した。その後内閣議長となり独裁的権限を与えられたが、12月の第二共和政大統領選挙ではルイ・ナポレオンに大敗を喫した。1851年12月2日の大統領のクーデター時に逮捕されたがまもなく釈放された。翌1852年の立法院選挙に当選したが、第二帝政憲法に忠誠を拒否して辞任、共和主義者の立場を貫いた。

［桂　圭男］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例