Also called male puerperal. A custom in which a husband imitates the actions of his wife during childbirth. The term is derived from the French word couver (to hatch), and was originally used by E. Tylor in his book in 1865. It is practiced among peoples in South Asia, Indonesia, Melanesia, India, the plains of North America, and South America. It is said to have been practiced in Corsica, Cyprus, and Spain in the 1st century, and was seen in the Nicobar Islands and the Maluku Islands in Oceania and among the Basque people of the Pyrenees in Europe in the 19th century. By taking time to rest, the husband hopes for a safe delivery and growth of the child, and by sharing his wife's physiological pain, he asserts that he is the father of the child to be born. In addition, it is expected to have a magical effect of transferring evil spirits that interfere with childbirth from the wife to himself, ensuring a safe delivery. In Japan, there is also a phenomenon known as "male morning sickness," in which a husband will exhibit morning sickness when his wife suffers from it, but this has nothing to do with the custom of simulated childbirth. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
男子産褥ともいう。妻の出産に際し,妻の産褥時にとる行動と同様のことを夫がまねる習俗。フランス語 couver (孵化する) に由来する語で,元来 E.タイラーが 1865年に著書で用いた。南アジア,インドネシア,メラネシア,インド,北アメリカの平原地帯,南アメリカなどの民族の間に行われる。1世紀にはコルシカ島,キプロス,スペインなどでも行われたといわれ,19世紀にはオセアニアのニコバル諸島,モルッカ諸島,ヨーロッパのピレネー山脈のバスク族にもみられた。これは夫が養生することにより,分娩と成育の無事を期待し,また妻の生理的苦痛を分有することにより,自分が生れてくる子供の父親であることを主張する意味がある。さらに,分娩に支障をもたらす悪霊を妻から自分に振替えることにより,安産を保障するという呪術的効果も期待されている。日本でも「男のつわり」といって,妻のつわりのときに夫がつわりの状態を呈することがあるが,慣習としての擬娩とは関係がない。
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