Yellow Hachijo

Japanese: 黄八丈 - きはちじょう
Yellow Hachijo

A striped or checkered silk fabric with a yellow base, woven on Hachijo Island, Izu, just outside Tokyo. It is characterized by the use of vegetable dyes produced on the island.

Silk fabrics from Hachijojima, such as black Hachijo made from the bark of the Japanese quince tree, are collectively called yellow Hachijo. The name Hachijo comes from the fact that the length of the fabric was eight jo, which is the same as the length of a modern kimono fabric.

The lineage of Hachijo silk was already seen in the "Engishukeishiki," and in the Middle Ages it was referred to as Mino Hachijo in the "Shin Sarugakuki" and as Owari Hachijo in the "Teikinourai," and in the early modern period it appeared in the "Wakan Sansai Zue" as Hachijojima Tsumugi. Then, in the mid-Edo period, it came to be presented as a tribute to the shogunate.

The raw material was silk produced on the island, which was spun into thread, and the dyes used were Hachijo kariyasu for yellow Hachijo, inugusu (a dialect word for tabunoki, also known as madami) bark for tobi color, and chestnut bark for black. Mordants included the lye of sakaki and camellia trees, and iron mordants were achieved by soaking the fabric in a swamp containing metallic elements.

Originally, a jibata loom was used for weaving, but now most are takahata looms. This fabric is loved for its unique elegance and lustrous texture, and was used for kimono fabric, bedding, and zabuton fabric, but today it is only produced in small quantities and is only loved by a select few as kimono fabric. Kihachijo was originally produced in various places, but most have ceased, and only Akita Hachijo in Akita City remains.

This Kihachijo has been paid as tax since the Hojo clan took control of the island in 1515 (Eisho 12). During the Edo period, it became popular among feudal lords and palace maids, and later among townspeople.

In the Meiji era, it also became a symbol of women in the downtown area. For this reason, the ones on Hachijojima are valuable as a way of passing on traditional techniques, and are currently designated as an intangible cultural property for which measures such as recording should be taken. The Kihachijo Technique Preservation Society is in charge of this.

[Kadoyama Yukihiro]

"Hideo Hata, Akane Series, Volume 1, Yellow Hachijo" (1931, Local Research Society)""Hachijo Jikki Publishing Committee, Hachijo Jikki Volume 1" (1964, Ryokuchisha)

Yellow Hachijo
Hachijojima, Hachijo Town, Tokyo ©MNK ">

Yellow Hachijo

Yellow Hachijo (woven pattern)
Hachijojima, Hachijo Town, Tokyo ©Shogakukan ">

Yellow Hachijo (woven pattern)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

東京都下、伊豆八丈島で織られる、黄色を主色とした、縞(しま)または格子柄の絹織物。島内で産する植物染料を用いるのが特徴である。

 シイ(椎)の樹皮による黒八丈など、八丈島の絹織物を総称して黄八丈とよぶことがある。八丈とは、織物の長さが8丈であったことからきているが、現在の着尺地と同じである。

 八丈絹の系統は、すでに『延喜主計式(えんぎしゅけいしき)』にみられ、中世には『新猿楽記(しんさるがくき)』に美濃(みの)八丈とか、『庭訓往来(ていきんおうらい)』には尾張(おわり)八丈とみえており、近世には、八丈島紬(つむぎ)として『和漢三才図会(わかんさんさいずえ)』に表れてくる。そして、江戸中期には、幕府への貢租品として上納されるに至った。

 原料は、この島でとれる蚕糸により紡ぎ糸がつくられ、染料は、黄八丈に八丈刈安(かりやす)、鳶(とび)色にはイヌグス(タブノキの方言、マダミともいう)の皮、黒色には、シイの皮を使い、媒染にはサカキ・ツバキなどの灰汁(あく)、鉄媒染には、金気(かなけ)のある沼に浸(つ)ける方法がとられた。

 製織には、もと地機(じばた)が使われたが、いまはほとんどが高機(たかはた)によっている。この織物がもつ独特の雅味と光沢のある地合いが好まれ、着尺地、夜具地、座ぶとん地に使われたが、現在では、わずかに生産されるにすぎず、一部の人たちに着尺地として愛好されるにすぎなくなった。もと各地で黄八丈がつくられたが、ほとんどがとだえてしまい、秋田市の秋田八丈が残されているにすぎない。

 この黄八丈は、1515年(永正12)北条氏が全島を支配して以来、租税として上納されてきた。江戸時代になって大名や御殿女中に愛好され、のちには町人の間にもはやった。

 明治になってからは、下町の女性の象徴にもなった。そのため、八丈島のものは、伝統的技術を伝えるものとして貴重であり、現在、記録作成などの措置を講ずべき無形文化財に指定されており、これに黄八丈技術保存会があたっている。

[角山幸洋]

『秦秀雄著『茜叢書 第1編 黄八丈』(1931・郷土研究社)』『八丈実記刊行会編『八丈実記 第1巻』(1964・緑地社)』

黄八丈
東京都八丈町 八丈島©MNK">

黄八丈

黄八丈(織紋)
東京都八丈町 八丈島©Shogakukan">

黄八丈(織紋)


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Yellow Emperor

>>:  Gibachi - Gibachi

Recommend

Publishers Association

…The person who most sincerely tried to realize t...

Polytrichum commune (English spelling)

… [Kitagawa Takashi]. … *Some of the terminology ...

Leuconoid type

…Water enters the gastric cavity directly through...

Oji - Prince

...First, the Hoju era name, which corresponds to...

Akazawa Tomotsune

Year of death: June 26, 1507 (August 4, 1507) Year...

Electronic Pop Music

...However, their activities, which seemed to be ...

Amateur Wrestling - Amachiaresuringu

⇒Ama-res Source: About Shogakukan Digital Daijisen...

Grass cutting break - Kusakari yasumi

...In accordance with this decision, for agricult...

Mannai (English spelling)

They were the first people to establish a state in...

Mount Kinpu

A mountain on the border between Nagano and Yamana...

Asparagus sprengeri (English spelling)

… [Munemin Yanagi]. … *Some of the terminology th...

Stone knife - Ishibocho

A flat, polished stone tool with a rectangular or ...

Weather - Tenki

A term used to describe the state of the atmosphe...

Takashi

...A haiku poet from the mid-Edo period. His surn...

Ushitsu

The former town area is located in the southern pa...