Chiton - きとん (English spelling) chiton

Japanese: キトン - きとん(英語表記)chiton
Chiton - きとん (English spelling) chiton

The most common garment worn by the ancient Greeks. It was worn by both men and women and served as both undergarment and outerwear. Its etymology is from a Semitic word synonymous with the Hebrew word kethōnet. In Rome (i.e. in Latin), it was called tunica, which became tunique in French and tunic in English. There are various types of chitons depending on gender and class, but they can be broadly divided into Doric chitons and Ionic chitons.

The former is generally called peplos, and refers to a simple type of woolen garment that was widely used in the early period. In other words, a rectangular piece of cloth is folded in half, and the body is wrapped in it, while two perones (pins or brooches) are used to fasten it around the shoulders, and then the naturally occurring drape is fixed with one or two strings, and various shapes have been created using this method. The latter is an elegant style with many pleats that was used in the classical period, and was made of linen. The typical way to wear it is to raise both arms horizontally, and then drape the cloth over them like a curtain rail, and it is characterized by the fact that many perones are fastened at equal intervals along the sleeves. In addition to plain white, there are also colored ones, and they are decorated with embroidered borders.

[Fusayo Sugo]

Chiton (Doric and Ionic)
©Soga Shuichi ">

Chiton (Doric and Ionic)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代ギリシア人の着用したもっとも普遍的な衣服。男女に用いられ、下着と表着を兼ねていた。語源はヘブライ語のケトーネkethōnetと同義のセム語にある。ローマでは(すなわちラテン語で)これをトゥニカtunicaとよび、フランス語に入ってチュニークtunique、英語に入りチュニックtunicとなった。キトンの種類は、性別や階級などによってさまざまなものがあるが、大別してドーリス式キトンとイオニア式キトンがある。

 前者は一般にペプロスpeplosともよばれ、初期に多く用いられたウール地の単純な型のものをさしていう。すなわち、長方形の布を二つに折って、その中に身体を入れて包むようにしながら、2個のペローネperone(ピン、ブローチの類)を用いて肩のあたりで留め、次に自然に現れるドレープを、1本または2本の紐(ひも)で整えるのであるが、その方法でさまざまな形になった。後者は古典期に用いられたひだの多い優美な型で、麻地でつくられた。その典型的な着方は、両腕を水平にあげて、それをカーテンレールに見立てて布をかけてゆく方法であり、袖山(そでやま)に沿って等間隔に多数のペローネが留められるのが特色である。白無地のほかに色物もあり、縁どり刺しゅうなどが施された。

[菅生ふさ代]

キトン(ドーリス式とイオニア式)
©曽我秀一">

キトン(ドーリス式とイオニア式)


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