Cacique (English spelling)

Japanese: カシケ(英語表記)cacique
Cacique (English spelling)
Originally a word used by the natives of the West Indies to mean chieftain. The Spanish conquerors and colonists in the New World began to use the term to refer to leaders of Indian societies outside the West Indies as well, so it came to mean leaders of Indian societies who acted as intermediaries between the conquerors and the Indian societies during the Spanish colonial period. The conquerors, encomenderos (encomiendas), corregidors, and missionaries controlled the Indian societies through caciques, and in return the caciques were exempt from taxes and forced labor, were allowed to ride horses, wear weapons and Western clothing, and were granted the right of primogeniture to inherit land, so some became large landowners.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
もともとは西インド諸島の原住民のことばで長を意味した。新大陸のスペイン人征服者や植民者が西インド諸島以外のインディオ社会の指導者にもこの語を当てるようになったので,スペイン植民時代に征服者とインディオ社会の仲介者として機能したインディオ社会の指導者を意味するようになった。征服者,エンコメンデロ(エンコミエンダ),コレヒドール,宣教師はカシケを通じてインディオ社会を支配し,代りにカシケは税と強制労働を免除され,乗馬や武具・洋服の着用を認められ,土地の長子相続権が認可されたので,広大な土地所有者となるものもあった。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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