A long, narrow corridor that bends and surrounds a section. At shrines and temples, it surrounds the sacred area. It is also called a horo or burō. A corridor with one beam is called a tanro, and one with two beams is called a fukuro. A single corridor generally has lattice windows on the outside and open windows on the inside, while a multi-corridor has open windows on both the outside and inside, and the central pillar serves as a wall or window. The corridor at Horyuji Temple is a single corridor, while the corridor at Kasuga Taisha Shrine is a multi-corridor. A crossing corridor that connects a corridor to a building surrounded by the corridor is called a konro. Those built on sloping ground are also called noboriro. The corridors at shrines and temples are often made of dirt floors, and have gakumon gates at key points. Corridors are used as walkways, but also serve as places for attendees during events. [Kudou Yoshiaki] In European architecture, colonnades, ambulatory, and cloisters are straight or curved passageways that run around the interior and exterior of buildings. In ancient Egypt, an early example of a colonnade can be seen in the double platform with a small pyramid on top of it at the 11th Dynasty funerary temple of Deir el-Bahari. The 18th Dynasty Great Temple of Luxor has a nearly complete colonnade, which is considered to be the forerunner of the peripteral colonnade, a typical plan for ancient Greek temples. In the center of a Greek city-state (polis), a public square (agora) was established, and the most important facility there was a building called a stoa, which was mainly composed of a colonnade to avoid direct sunlight. This is also inherited in the public square (forum) of ancient Rome. The ambulatory that appeared in church architecture from the 7th century onwards was an extension of the side aisles to make it easier to approach the group of chapels arranged radially around the shrine. The origin of the corridors surrounding the courtyards of monasteries dates back to the 5th century, and they were the core of the monks' living space, housing solitary rooms, libraries, and dining rooms. This type of corridor was used not only in monasteries during the Renaissance, but also in urban architecture. As new urban planning gained momentum, public squares (piazzas) were built in front of monumental buildings, and the see-through effect of the colonnades surrounding the square successfully enhanced the appearance of the buildings. Two representative examples are the Campidoglio Square in Rome, designed by Michelangelo, and the colonnade of St. Peter's Square in the Vatican, designed by Bernini. [Katsuya Hamatani] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
折れ曲がって区画を囲む細長い廊下をいう。社寺では聖域を囲む。歩廊(ほろう)、廡廊(ぶろう)ともいう。梁間(はりま)が1間のものを単廊(たんろう)、2間のものを複廊(ふくろう)とよび、単廊では一般に外側が連子(れんじ)窓、内側が吹放しとなり、複廊では外側、内側とも吹放し、中央の柱筋が壁か窓になる。法隆寺回廊は単廊、春日(かすが)大社回廊は複廊である。回廊から回廊で囲まれた建物に連絡する渡廊(わたろう)を軒廊(こんろう)とよぶ。傾斜地に建つものを登廊(のぼりろう)ともいう。社寺の回廊は土間の場合が多く、要所に楽門(がくもん)が開かれる。回廊は通路として用いられるが、行事の際は参列者の場となる。 [工藤圭章] ヨーロッパ建築においては建築物の内外部に巡らされた、直線または曲線をなす通路としての柱廊(コロネード)、周歩廊(アンビュラトリー)、歩廊(クロイスター)がこれにあたる。古代エジプトでは第11王朝のデル・エル・バハリ葬祭殿の、小型ピラミッドをのせた二重の基壇に柱廊の初期の事例がみられる。第18王朝のルクソール大神殿には、柱廊の全容がほぼ完全に保存されており、これが、古代ギリシア神殿の典型的プランをなす周柱式柱廊の先駆とみなされる。ギリシアの都市国家(ポリス)の中心には公共広場(アゴラ)が設けられるが、そのなかでもっとも重要な施設は、ストアとよばれる直射日光を避けるための柱廊を主体とした建築物である。これは古代ローマの公共広場(フォルム)にも伝承されている。7世紀以降の聖堂建築に現れた周歩廊は、祭室を囲んで放射状に配置された礼拝堂群への接近を容易ならしめるべく側廊が延長されたものである。また僧院の中庭を囲む歩廊の起源はより古く、5世紀までさかのぼるが、ここには独居室、図書室、食堂などが設けられ、修道士たちの生活圏の中核をなしている。この種の歩廊はルネサンス時代の僧院はもちろん、都市建築にも応用された。また新しい都市計画の気運が高まるにつれ、モニュメンタルな建築物の前に公共広場(ピアッツァ)の整備がなされるが、広場を囲む柱廊の透視効果によって、その建築物の外観を引き立たせることに成功した。代表的な事例としては、ミケランジェロの設計によるローマのカンピドリオ広場と、ベルニーニによるバチカンのサン・ピエトロ広場の柱廊があげられる。 [濱谷勝也] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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