Xu-tang Zhi-yu (English: Kidōchigu)

Japanese: 虚堂智愚 - きどうちぐ（英語表記）Xu-tang Zhi-yu

[Live] Junxi 12 (1185). Zhejiang, Kaiji
[Died] Kanjun 5 (1269). Keizan, China. A Rinzai monk from the Southern Song Dynasty. His pen name was Sokuko. At the age of 16, he became a monk under his teacher Un at the Fumyoji Temple, and attained enlightenment under Unan Fugan at the Tenneiji Temple, where he inherited his teachings. In 1229, he lived at Koshoji Temple, and then lived at many famous temples, including Hoon, Zuigan, Ikuo, Joji, and Manju. Many Zen monks from Kyodo's school made a name for themselves, but Nanpo Shomyo, who traveled to Song from Japan, introduced Rinzai Zen, which was influenced by Kyodo's teachings, to Japan. He wrote the "Kyodo Osho Goroku." Kyodo's calligraphy is simple and powerful, and has been loved since the Kamakura period. Existing items include "Dharma Kinen Kogo" at Daitoku-ji Temple, calligraphy on "Ryosho" at Koho-an, a subtemple of the same temple, "Kyoto Choso" with a self-inscribed inscription dated 58 (68 AD) at Myoshin-ji Temple, "Hokgo" given to Mushou Seisho at the Tokyo National Museum, and calligraphy in private collections.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]淳煕12(1185).浙江，会稽
[没]咸淳5(1269).径山
中国，南宋の臨済宗の僧。号は息耕。 16歳のとき，普明寺の師蘊について出家し，天寧寺の運庵普厳の座下において大悟し，その法門を継いだ。紹定2 (1229) 年興聖寺に住し，次いで報恩，瑞巌，育王，浄慈，万寿などの諸名刹に歴住した。虚堂門下の禅僧として名声を残した者が多数輩出したが，日本から入宋した南浦紹明 (なんぽじょうみょう) は虚堂の法脈を受けた臨済禅を日本に伝えた。『虚堂和尚語録』がある。虚堂の墨跡は筆勢の強い素朴なもので，鎌倉時代から愛好された。大徳寺蔵『達磨忌拈香語 (だるまきねんこうご) 』，同寺塔頭の孤篷庵蔵『凌霄 (りょうしょう) 』墨跡，妙心寺蔵『虚堂頂相』宝祐6 (58) 年の自賛，東京国立博物館蔵の無象静照に与えられた『法語』，あるいは個人所蔵の墨跡が現存。

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