Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno

A representative German thinker. He first studied philosophy at the University of Frankfurt, while studying composition under Alban Berg, and was involved in editing a music magazine in Vienna. In 1931, he qualified as a professor with his book On Kierkegaard, and while teaching philosophy at the same university, he also became a member of the Institute for Social Research. After the Nazis came to power, he went into exile in the United States, but returned to West Germany soon after the war, and thereafter succeeded Horkheimer and came into the limelight as a leading figure in the Frankfurt School. The characteristics of his thought are a free spirit that is not bound by existing ideas or frameworks, a critical spirit that exposes even the most internal issues such as philosophy and art to ruthless social criticism, and a sophisticated rhetoric that accurately expresses this. His theme was a fundamental criticism of modern civilization and modern controlled society based on the utopia of "harmony between nature and civilization." He wrote many books, including "Dialectics of Enlightenment" (1947), "The Philosophy of New Music" (1949), "The Authoritarian Character" (1950), and "Negative Dialectics" (1967).

[Tokunaga Makoto]

"Authoritarian Personality" (translated by Yoshihisa Tanaka and Shujiro Yazawa, 1980, Aoki Shoten) "Negative Dialectics" (translated by Hajime Kida, Makoto Tokunaga, Suekuni Watanabe, Kenichi Mishima, Akira Suda, and Akira Miyatake, 1996, Sakuhinsha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ドイツの代表的思想家。初めフランクフルト大学で哲学を修める一方、アルバン・ベルクに就いて作曲を学び、ウィーンで音楽雑誌の編集に携わったが、1931年『キルケゴール論』で教授資格を得、同大学で哲学を講ずるかたわら、社会研究所のメンバーとなる。ナチスの政権獲得後アメリカへ亡命したが、戦後いち早く西ドイツへ帰国、以後ホルクハイマーの後を受けて、フランクフルト学派の指導的存在として脚光を浴びる。彼の思想の特色は、既成の観念や枠組みにとらわれない自由な精神と、哲学や芸術などもっとも内面的な問題をも仮借ない社会批判にさらす批判的精神と、それを的確に言い表す精緻(せいち)なレトリックにある。「自然と文明との融和」というユートピアに基づく、近代文明と現代管理社会への根本的批判がその主題であった。『啓蒙(けいもう)の弁証法』（1947）、『新音楽の哲学』（1949）、『権威主義的性格』（1950）、『否定弁証法』（1967）など著書多数。

［徳永　恂］

『田中義久・矢沢修次郎訳『権威主義的パーソナリティ』（1980・青木書店）』▽『木田元・徳永恂・渡辺祐邦・三島憲一・須田朗・宮武昭訳『否定弁証法』（1996・作品社）』

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