...However, the role of political parties was not always positively understood from the beginning. In Staatsrecht und Politik (1927), Heinrich Triepel (1868-1946) divides the changes in the relationship between the state and political parties into four stages: (1) the period when the state viewed political parties as its enemy, (2) the period when the state ignored political parties, (3) the period when political parties were legally tolerated, and (4) the period when political parties were incorporated into the constitutional order. Many thinkers and politicians from the 18th century to the early 19th century adopted an anti-party stance, as seen in the examples of British politician H. St. J. Bolingbroke in his Dissertation on Parties (1734), who opposed a system in which political parties were a part of the political apparatus, calling it "corrupt." Rousseau in his Social Contract (1762) argued that the existence of cliques and partial associations was undesirable for the full functioning of the general will. Furthermore, in a passage of his famous Farewell Address (1796), the first president of the United States, Washington, strongly warned about the harmfulness of party spirit to the survival of the nation. *Some of the terminology references "Triepel, H." are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…しかし,政党は当初からその役割が肯定的に理解されていたわけではない。トリーペルHeinrich Triepel(1868‐1946)は《憲法と政党Staatsrecht und Politik》(1927)において,国家対政党の関係の変化を,(1)国家が政党を敵視した時代,(2)国家が政党を無視した時代,(3)法律上で政党が容認される時代,(4)政党が憲法秩序の中に編入される時代,の4段階に分けている。イギリスの政治家H.St.J.ボーリングブルックが《政党論Dissertation on Parties》(1734)で政党を政治機構の一部とするような制度を〈腐敗的〉なものとして反対し,ルソーが《社会契約論》(1762)で一般意志の十分な機能にとって徒党や部分的団体の存在は望ましくないと説き,さらにアメリカの初代大統領ワシントンが有名な〈告別演説〉(1796)の一節で,国家の存続にとっての党派精神の有害さについて強く警告したなどの例にみられるように,18世紀から19世紀初頭の思想家,政治家の多くは〈反政党主義〉的態度をとっていたのである。… ※「Triepel,H.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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