Gishiwajinden - Records of the Wa

Japanese: 魏志倭人伝 - ぎしわじんでん
Gishiwajinden - Records of the Wa
One of the official histories of ancient Japan in China, the common name for the section on Wajin in the 30th volume of the Wei Zhi in the Sangokushi (Records of the Three Kingdoms), compiled by Chen Shou of the Jin dynasty. The oldest reference to Japan in Chinese history is the Geography section in the Han Shu (120 volumes) compiled by Ban Gu of the Later Han dynasty, with the Wei Zhi Wajinden being the next oldest. The Wei Zhi Wajinden section is a compilation of the Geography section in the Han Shu, the Wei Lue (now lost, with fragments quoted here and there) by Yu Huan, a contemporary of Chen Shou, and other materials that existed at the time. After this, there is the Eastern Barbarians section in the Later Han Shu compiled by Fan Ye of the Song dynasty (Northern and Southern Dynasties), which is similar to the Wei Zhi Wajinden. The biggest problem with the Gishiwajinden is the location of Queen Himiko's Yamataikoku. The Han dynasty established Daifang County in Lelang County in the area around Seoul on the Korean peninsula, but at the end of the Later Han dynasty (beginning of the 3rd century), it was elevated to a county and used as a gateway to China for the Korean people and Wajin, and the Wei dynasty followed suit. The article in the Gishiwajinden states that the distance from Daifang County to Yamataikoku was over 12,000 ri. Along the way, it mentions Kuya Korea, Tsushima, Iki (Iki), Matsuura (Matsuura), Ito (Ito), Fumi, Na, Kuna, and Tomakoku, and gives the distance and direction for each. Since the Edo period, scholars have been divided over this article, as to whether Yamataikoku was in Kitakyushu or Yamato in Kinai (Nara Prefecture). It is questionable to what extent the distances and directions at that time can be found on today's maps, but the book describes Yamataikoku in detail and even touches on the state of division of small states and their customs and habits, making it impossible to ignore in relation to the Yamato court. It is believed that the compilers of the Nihon Shoki referred to the Wajinden.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
日本古代に関する中国の正史の一つで,晋の陳寿が撰した『三国志』のなかの『魏志』 30巻,東夷伝にある倭人の条の通称。中国の歴史書のなかで日本に言及しているのは,後漢の班固の撰した『漢書』 (120巻) のなかの地理志が最古であるが,『魏志倭人伝』はこれに次ぐものである。倭人伝の条は,『漢書』の地理志と,陳寿と同時代の魚豢による『魏略』 (現在散逸し,逸文がところどころに引かれている) その他当時存在していた資料を集綴したものである。このあと,『魏志倭人伝』に類するものとして宋 (南北朝) の范曄が撰した『後漢書』の東夷伝がある。『魏志倭人伝』の最大の問題点は,女王卑弥呼 (ひみこ。ひめこ) の邪馬台国の所在についてである。漢は朝鮮半島京城付近一帯に楽浪郡中の帯方県をおいて治めたが,後漢の末 (3世紀初め) ,郡に昇格させ,韓民族や倭人に対する中国の門戸とし,魏もこれにならった。この帯方郡から邪馬台国までを一万二千余里としたのが『魏志倭人伝』の記事である。途中,狗邪韓国,対馬国,一支国 (壱岐) ,末盧国 (松浦) ,伊都国 (怡土) ,不弥国,奴国,狗奴国,投馬国などについて触れ,それぞれ距離と方向も示している。江戸時代以来,この記事をめぐり,邪馬台国が北九州であるか畿内大和 (奈良県) であるか,学者の間で議論が分れる。当時の里程と方位が,どの程度今日の地図上におきうるかという点も問題であるが,邪馬台国について詳細に記し,さらに小国家分立の様子や風俗習慣にまで言及しており,大和朝廷との関係で無視することができない。なお『日本書紀』の編纂者は,この倭人伝を参照したと考えられる。

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