Erosion caused by rainfall. There are three types of rain erosion: fabric erosion, gutter erosion, and raindrop erosion. Fabric erosion (or planar erosion) is the phenomenon in which rain flows over a slope in a planar manner, and in dry regions, occasional heavy rains often cause fabric floods, washing away material from the slope. This is said to be the main cause of the formation of gentle slopes called pediments, which are widely distributed in dry regions. Fabric erosion also occurs in humid regions due to heavy rains caused by typhoons and fronts, but observations have shown that the distance of the fabric flow is surprisingly short, and by repeating this process, material from the slope is carried downward. Gutter erosion is a phenomenon in which rainwater flows down a slope, forming numerous grooves and causing erosion; erosion caused by large-scale gutter erosion that is too large for agricultural machinery to cross is called gully erosion, and erosion caused by small-scale gutter erosion is called rill erosion. Raindrop erosion occurs when the granular structure of the soil is destroyed by the striking energy of raindrops, making it easier to transport, and also transports soil downslope even if no running water occurs on the slope. This is also called splash erosion, and is a form of soil erosion along with fabric and gutter erosion. [Masami Ichikawa] [Reference] |A gentle slope of erosion seen in front of mountains in arid regions, cutting through hard rocks similar to those in the mountains. In the center right of the photo, an embankment has developed, with the pediment cutting a wedge-shaped edge into the mountain. Nevada, USA © Yoshihiko Akagi "> Pediment Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
降雨が原因となって生ずる侵食。雨食には布(面)状侵食、雨溝侵食および雨滴侵食とがある。 布状侵食(または面状侵食)は、雨が斜面上を面的に流れて侵食する現象で、乾燥地域で、たまに降る豪雨によってしばしば布状洪水が生じて、斜面上の物質を流去する現象がおこる。これが、乾燥地域に広く分布するペディメントpedimentと称する緩斜面の形成の最大の原因と称される。湿潤地域でも台風や前線に伴う豪雨によって布状侵食が生ずるが、観察によると布状の流れの距離は案外短く、これを繰り返すことによって斜面上の物質を下方へ運搬する。 雨溝侵食は、雨水が斜面上を流れて多数の溝を形成して侵食を行う現象で、農業機械が横断できない程度の大規模な雨溝による侵食をガリーgully侵食、小規模な雨溝による侵食をリルrill侵食という。雨滴侵食は、雨滴の打叩(だこう)エネルギーによって土壌の粒団構造が破壊されて、運搬しやすい状態にするとともに、斜面上では流水が生じなくとも土壌を斜面下方に運搬する。これをスプラッシュsplash侵食とも称し、布状、雨溝侵食とともに土壌侵食の形式となっている。 [市川正巳] [参照項目] |乾燥地域の山地の前面にみられる、山地と同様の硬い岩石を切って発達する侵食緩斜面。写真中央右に、ペディメントが山地に楔状に切り込んだエンベインメントが発達している。アメリカ ネバダ州©赤木祥彦"> ペディメント 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
→ Water activity Aw → Water activity Source: Asaku...
This manor was located in Naka-gun, Kii Province, ...
Born: July 27, 1871, Berlin Died: May 21, 1953. Fr...
...There are many local names for this fish, such...
...The Communist Party and the Socialist Party we...
...A wall-like structure built to resist earth pr...
An old city on the eastern edge of Ehime Prefectur...
This temple was built by Fujiwara no Michinaga in...
A general term for several genera of birds in the ...
Masks used in Noh. They are called "omote&qu...
Irish playwright. He formed the Irish National The...
French composer. One of the leading figures in Fre...
A city in the southeastern part of Turkey's A...
〘Noun〙 (also "kiribaku")① A method of de...
When small-particle powders are placed in a conta...