Possession marks engraved on felled timber. The combination of "notches" created a certain "pattern" for each individual, which helped distinguish among the group. This was especially necessary for the bulk collection of driftwood. Specific "notches" were also engraved on standing trees or stakes to mark the division of firewood piles and grass piles in shared mountains and fields. Also called "Kida" or "Keda," this simple possession mark, made by combining "notches" on an axe or hatchet, is connected to the "family seal" used to mark personal ownership by branding, and in fact resembles its original form. It was long used by lumberjacks who lived in isolation in the mountains, to mark lumber they had cut themselves, and was also used as a personal mark on "lumber slips," and sometimes even repurposed to mark personal property in the logging shed. Along with the "ear marks" placed on grazing cattle and horses, they retain the original form of possession marks and can be said to suggest the origins of "family crests" and "crests." [Toshimi Takeuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
伐採した木材に刻み込む占有標識。「刻み目」の組合せで一定の「型」が個別に生じ、仲間内の弁別に資した。とくに流木による一括集材にはこれが必要であった。また共有山野の薪山、草山の区分標示などにも、立ち木や杭木(くいぎ)に特定の「刻み目」をつけて占有の標示とすることもあった。キダ、ケダなどともいい、斧(おの)、鉈(なた)の「刻み目」の組合せで生ずる簡素な占有標示は、「焼き印」による自家所有標示のための「家印」にもつながるところで、むしろその原形をしのばせるものがある。とくに山中に隔絶した仲間生活を送ってきた伐木職人仲間には久しく慣用されて、自己伐採材の標示となり、また「伐木伝票」の自己標示としても「木印」は用いられ、ときには伐採小屋の自己所有物の標示にも、それが転用されていた。放牧の牛馬につける「耳印」とともに、占有標識の原初的な姿をとどめるものであり、「家印」や「紋章」の発生を示唆するものともいえよう。 [竹内利美] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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