A white to dark gray sedimentary rock composed mainly of dolomite. It is also called dolomite, dolostone, or dolomite. It is often found as a layered rock associated with limestone, and sometimes it can change into limestone. It can also be found associated with evaporites such as halite and gypsum. It is known to occur in various geological periods around the world, especially in Precambrian strata, but there are no examples of it being deposited on the ocean floor today. It is believed that it was formed when part of the calcium (Ca) that was deposited as limestone was later replaced by magnesium (Mg). This is thought to have occurred through a reaction between the calcareous sediments and seawater during deposition, or a reaction between the limestone and groundwater or hydrothermal solutions after deposition; this process is called dolomitization. Dolomite is not very common in Japan, but layered dolomite is known in the former Kuzuu area of Sano City, Tochigi Prefecture, and lenticular dolomite is known in the Tsukumi region of Oita Prefecture, where it is mined as dolomite deposits. It is used as a raw material for fireproofing materials, glass, dolomite bricks, dolomite clinker, metallic magnesium, and also as crushed stone and fertilizer. It is named after the French geologist Déodat de Dolomieu (1750-1801). [Saito Yasuji] [Reference items] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
主として苦灰石からなる白色ないし暗灰色の堆積(たいせき)岩。ドロマイト、ドロストーン、白雲岩(はくうんがん)ともいう。層状岩体として石灰岩に伴って産することが多く、ときには石灰岩に移り変わることがある。また岩塩や石膏(せっこう)などの蒸発岩に伴うこともある。世界各地の各地質時代、とくに先カンブリア時代の地層にその産出が知られているが、現在の海底に堆積している例はない。そのため成因としては、石灰岩として堆積したもののカルシウムCaの一部が、のちにマグネシウムMgによって置換されてできたといわれる。それには、堆積中における石灰質堆積物と海水との反応、堆積後の石灰岩と地下水あるいは熱水溶液との反応が考えられ、その作用は苦灰石化作用とよばれる。日本には苦灰岩はあまり多くないが、層状のものは栃木県佐野市の旧葛生(くずう)町地区に、レンズ状のものは大分県津久見(つくみ)地方に知られており、苦灰石鉱床として採掘されている。耐火材、ガラス、ドロマイトれんが、ドロマイトクリンカー、金属マグネシウムなどの原料にされるほか、砕石や肥料にも利用される。名称は、フランスの地質学者デオダ・ドゥ・ドロミューD. G. de Dolomieu(1750―1801)にちなんで命名された。 [斎藤靖二] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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