Isozymes

Japanese: アイソザイム
Isozymes

Also called isoenzyme. In the broad sense, it refers to a group of enzymes that catalyze the same reaction. In the narrow sense, it refers to enzymes that catalyze the same reaction in the same animal species but have different structures or combinations of subunits. They have different electrical properties and therefore show different mobilities when electrophoresed. For example, lactate dehydrogenase isolated from rat tissue is a protein with a molecular weight of 1.34 x 10 5 composed of four subunits with a molecular weight of 3.35 x 10 4 , but the existence of five isozymes has been confirmed by electrophoresis. The subunits of this enzyme are M and H chains, and depending on the combination, there are M 4 , M 3 H, M 2 H 2 , and H 4 , and each isozyme has a different affinity for the substrate. The existence of isozymes in the body is thought to be useful for regulating metabolism.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

イソ酵素ともいう.広義には,同じ反応を触媒する酵素群をさす.一方,狭義には,同じ動物種において同一の反応を触媒するが,構造またはサブユニットの組合せが異なる酵素をいう.電気的性質を異にするため,電気泳動させると異なる移動度を示す.たとえば,ラットの組織より単離される乳酸脱水素酵素は,分子量3.35×104 のサブユニット4個より構成される分子量1.34×105 のタンパク質であるが,電気泳動法によって5種類のアイソザイムの存在が確認されている.同酵素のサブユニットはMおよびH鎖であり,その組合せによって M4,M3H,M2H2,H4 が存在し,それぞれのアイソザイムは基質に対する親和力を異にする.生体内におけるアイソザイムの存在は,代謝の調節に役立っていると考えられる.

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